Pathology: Reproduction
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| Chromosomal male with female genetalia, hypertension and hypokalemia | show 🗑
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| show | 1. 21-hydroxylase deficiency
2. low cortisol leads to increase ACTH which stimulates the adrenal cortex
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| 1. chromosomal female with male genitalia and salt wasting 2. Cause of pituitary enlargement during pregnancy | show 🗑
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| Cause of pituitary ischemia following pregnancy | show 🗑
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| show | increased LH to FSH ratio leads to increased androgen production by theca cells of the ovary
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| Most common cause of hirsutism in females | show 🗑
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| show | 1. testosterone from ovaries
2. DHEA-sulfate from adrenal gland
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| 1. Menorrhagia 2. Dysmenorrhea | show 🗑
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| show | increased prostaglandin F2α → increased uterine contractions
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| 1. abnormal uterine bleeding unrelated to an anatomic cause 2. What is the most common reason for anovulatory abnormal uterine bleeding without anatomic cause | show 🗑
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| At what ages does anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding occur? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Asherman syndrome (removal of stratum basalis)
2. Endometritis (bacterial infection of the endometrium). Streptococcus agalactiae
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| show | Adenomyosis (invagination of stratum basalis into myometrium on biopsy)
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| show | 1. abnormal placement of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus
2. retrograde menstration through fallopian tubes and ectopic implantation
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| show | Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis
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| Right upper quadrant pain following pelvic inflammatory disease | show 🗑
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| Where is the most common site of implantation resulting in ectopic pregnancy? | show 🗑
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| show | β-hCG as a screening test followed by vaginal ultrasound
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| 1. Ovary tumor from hematogenous spread of gastric cancer 2. implantation of placenta over the cervical os | show 🗑
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| Direct implantation of placenta into myometrium without intervening decidua | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Down syndrome
2. open neural tube defect
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| show | 1. placenta secretes pregnenolone
2. fetal adrenal gland converts prgenenolone to DHEA-S
3. placenta converts DHEA to estriol by aromatase
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| show | Mittelschmerz
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| show | 1. Low.
2. High.
3. Normal.
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| show | endometriosis from bleeding into the rectal pouch of Douglas
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| show | 1. unopposed estrogen leading to endometrial hyperplasia
2. increase adipocytes leading to increased aromatization of testosterone into estrogen
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| Cancer and age brackets 1. 45 2. 55 3. 65 | show 🗑
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| 1. 65 year old woman with bilateral ovarian enlargement 2. thyroid secreting teratoma | show 🗑
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| Benign ovarian fibroma, ascites, and right side pleural effusion | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Bartholin cyst
2. inflammation and obstruction of the Bartholin gland
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| show | 1. condyloma
2. HPV type 6 or 11 (condyloma acuminatum)
3. secondary syphilis (condyloma latum)
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| show | 1. koilocyte
2. lichen sclerosis
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| show | Lichen simplex chronicus
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| 1. Which serotypes of HPV confer a higher risk for carcinoma? 2. Which area of the female genital tract does HPV most commonly infect? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. HPV type 16, 18
2. long standing lichen sclerosis
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| 1. erythematous, pruritic, ulcerated vulvar skin 2. Persistence of columnar epithelium in the upper 1/3 of the vagina during development | show 🗑
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| show | both represent a carcinoma in situ but extramammary Paget disease does not have an underlying carcinoma while Paget disease of the breast does
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| What is the pathophysiology of a clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina | show 🗑
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| Bleeding and grape-like mass protruding from vagina or penis of a child | show 🗑
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| show | E6 and E7 destroy p53 and Rb respectively
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| 1. What is the most common site of involvement of endometriosis 2. Most common tumor in females | show 🗑
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| show | 1. endometrial hyperplasia
2. sporadic p53 mutation
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| show | 1. leiomyosarcoma
2. leiomyoma
3. both
4. leiomyosarcoma
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| show | 1. endometriosis involving ovary
2. uterine serous cystadenocarcinoma
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| Germ cell tumor with elevated serum AFP | show 🗑
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| 1. massive amount of mucus in the peritoneum from tumor 2. What is the most common etiology? 3. What is a common ovarian origin? | show 🗑
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| What is HELLP syndrome and its characteristics? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. pre-eclampsia with seizures
2. pregnancy-induced hypertension, proteinuria and edema
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| show | Hydatidiform mole (masses are edematous villi from the trophoblast)
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| Describe the difference in pathophysiology between a partial hydatidiform mole and complete mole. How many chromoomes are in each? | show 🗑
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| 1. Absence of the upper vagina and uterus 2. Signs of rash and sepsis after initiation of penicillin therapy for syphilis | show 🗑
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| 1. Gram-negative rod that causes bacterial vaginosis 2. Gram-negative rod that causes painful genital ulcer 3. Protozoan that causes vaginitis | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Gardnerella vaginalis
2. vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria
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| show | 1. 47 XXY
2. 45 XO
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| show | Seminiferous tubule dysgenesis and Leydig cell dysfunction lead to
1. ↑ LH
2. ↑ FSH
3. ↑ estrogen
4. ↓ testosterone
5. ↓ inhibin
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| show | 1. ↓estrogen → ↑LH and FSH
2. preductal coarctation of the aorta
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| What is the most likely problem if: 1. ↑ testosterone, ↑ LH 2. ↑ testosterone, ↓ LH | show 🗑
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| What is the internal and external genitalia of a male with androgen insensitivity syndrome? | show 🗑
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| 1. What is the internal and external genitalia of a male with 5α-reductase deficiency? 2. What happens at puberty? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. anosmia and lack of secondary sexual characteristics
2. GnRH neurons fail to migrate from olfactory tissue to their correct location in the hypothalamus
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| 1. Which tumor do Hydatidiform moles predispose to? 2. Premature detachment of placenta from implantation site. | show 🗑
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| ↑β-hCG with uterus that is abnormally enlarged for the gestational age | show 🗑
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| What is the common cause of miscarriage in: 1. First weeks 2. 1st trimester 3. 2nd trimester | show 🗑
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| Primary risk factor for cervical carcinoma | show 🗑
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| Malignant proliferation of syncytiotrophoblastic cells | show 🗑
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| show | 1. CA-125
2. leiomyoma
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| Which is the most likely benign breast tumor: 1. small mass in 20 year old 2. large mass in 50 year old 3. small tumor with nipple discharge | show 🗑
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| What is the source of increased estrogen and androgens in polycystic ovary syndrome? | show 🗑
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| 1. Most common cancer of the penis 2. Most important prognostic factor for malignant breast tumors | show 🗑
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| show | 1. increased
2. decreased; total PSA is increased
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| show | 1. undescended testis
2. lateral and middle lobe
3. posterior lobe
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| show | estrogen increases protein synthesis in the liver with increased production of coagulation factors
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| show | androgens are aromatized to estrogens
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| Erythematous, tender breast with purulent nipple discharge | show 🗑
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| subareolar mass with nipple retraction from vitamin A deficiency. What is the pathophysiolgic mechanism? | show 🗑
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| show | fibroadenoma
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| Fibrous tumor in postmenopausal woman with leaf-like projection on biopsy | show 🗑
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| Lumpy breast in upper outer quadrant of premenopausal woman. Mostly benign | show 🗑
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| 1. Blood nipple discharge in premenopausal woman 2. Bloody nipple discharge in postmenopausal woman | show 🗑
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| DCIS that extends up the ducts to involve the skin of the nipple | show 🗑
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| show | Inflammatory carcinoma (similar presentation to acute mastitis)
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| show | growth factor receptor
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| 1. Which gonadal tumors have glomerulus-like structures on histological examination? 2. Which testicular tumors contain Reinke crystals | show 🗑
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| show | teratoma
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| show | Brenner tumor
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| What is the relative incidence of the following female reproductive tumors: 1. cervical 2. endometrial 3. ovarian | show 🗑
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| 1. Which type of breast cancer resembles an orange peel? 2. What is the pathological cause of this presentation? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Seminoma
2. lymphoma
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| Necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of the inguinal lymphatics and lymph nodes | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Hypospadias
2. epispadias
3. epispadias
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| Carcinoma in situ of: 1. penile shaft presenting as leukoplakia 2. penile glans presenting as erythroplakia 3. multiple reddish papules | show 🗑
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| show | cryptorchidism
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| Most common cause of orchitis: 1. young adults 2. older adults | show 🗑
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| Firm, painless testicular mass that cannot be transilluminated | show 🗑
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| Which have a better prognosis: seminoma or nonseminomas. | show 🗑
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| Tumor causing precocious puberty in children or gynecomastia in adults | show 🗑
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| Which hormone causes prostatic hyperplasia? | show 🗑
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| BPH vs prostate carcinoma: 1. periurethral zone 2. peripheral regions | show 🗑
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Created by:
amichael87
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