Basics and History of Psychology
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| Materialism | John Watson, there is no mind, there is only a physical world.
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| Idealism | George Berkley, there is no physical world, everything is mental.
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| Aristotle | Believed that the heart loved and experienced emotions. Believed heavier objects fall faster, proven wrong by Galileo Galilei
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| Dualism | Descartes, there is a mind and a body
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| Psychophysical Parallelism | Subset of dualism, both ming and body exist, but do not interact.
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| Epiphenomenalism | subset of dualism, brain events cause mental events but mental events are like a side effect--> problem is that thoughts can not affect behavior if true
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| Interactionism | subset of dualism,Brain and mind influence each other equally.
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| Double aspectism | Mind and brain are two aspects of a human being, like a coin
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| Rene' Descartes | one experience leads to an opinion as a whole
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| Eight critical thinking guidelines Consider other interpretations | alternative explanations of a phenomenon can occur
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| Eight critical thinking guidelines Tolerate Uncertainty | Sometimes there is no answer
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| Empirical Evidence | Laboratory experiments, careful measurements, and scientific observations
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| What psychologists do | Teach and conduct research in colleges and universities. They provide health or mental health services, conduct research in nonacademic settings, or for a combination.
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| Where psychologists work | Hospitals, schools, testing, private practice, clinics, counseling centers
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| Basic and applied psychological research Basic | seeks knowledge for its own sake ex. research
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| Basic and applied psychological research Applied | uses research for practical applications
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| Non clinical specialties in psychology Experimental | conduct studies of motivation, emotion, sensation, perception, and learning
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| Non clinical specialties in psychology Educational | look for ways to improve educational systems
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| Non clinical specialties in psychology Developmental | study how people change and grow over time
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| Non clinical specialties in psychology Psychometric | Wundts first official prof. of psych. found that all sensory nerves are not equivalent, each carry their own info, called doctrine of specif. nerve energies Was a vitalist believing living things contain a vital force
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| Non clinical specialties in psychology Industrial/organizational | study behavior in the workplace
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| Psychological practitioners Clinical | diagnose, treat, study mental or emotional problems
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| Paul Broca | did autopsies and discovered that speech disorders are due to damage to the frontal lobe of cerebral hemisphere on left side
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| Broca's Aphasia | language disorder due to destruction of frontal lobe and they have problems with production of speech
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| Carl Wernick and Wernick's aphasia | located in temporal lobe damage to that area results in comprehension and they can't understand what is being said to them
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| Misch and Hitzig | did experiments on dogs, first ppl to electronically stimulate animals brain, found that front of cerebral hem. is responsible for motor movement.
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| David Ferrier | stimulated animals braind electrically found 15 diff. motor movements in a monkey, used ablation on back of monkey's brain then ablated part of the angular gyrus
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| Herman Helmholtz | materialist, Johannes Miller was mentor tested motor nerves in frogs and sensory nerves in humans.
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| Red Green and Blue | You can see color by mixing these three colors Helmholtz believed in a trichromatic theory that maybe our eyes have only red green and blue color receptors
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| Gustav Fechner | founder of psychophysics Re-wrote Weber's Results AI-just noticeable difference
I- physical intensity of standard
K- constant
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| Fechner's Law | S=KlogI
I-physical intensity
S-perceived intensity
as you increase physical intensity of stimulus the perceived intensity will also increase, but as a log arthmic function like a candle in the dark and day light, in dark you see it better day u dont
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