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Psych Ch. 1
Basics and History of Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Materialism | John Watson, there is no mind, there is only a physical world. |
| Idealism | George Berkley, there is no physical world, everything is mental. |
| Aristotle | Believed that the heart loved and experienced emotions. Believed heavier objects fall faster, proven wrong by Galileo Galilei |
| Dualism | Descartes, there is a mind and a body |
| Psychophysical Parallelism | Subset of dualism, both ming and body exist, but do not interact. |
| Epiphenomenalism | subset of dualism, brain events cause mental events but mental events are like a side effect--> problem is that thoughts can not affect behavior if true |
| Interactionism | subset of dualism,Brain and mind influence each other equally. |
| Double aspectism | Mind and brain are two aspects of a human being, like a coin |
| Rene' Descartes | one experience leads to an opinion as a whole |
| Eight critical thinking guidelines Consider other interpretations | alternative explanations of a phenomenon can occur |
| Eight critical thinking guidelines Tolerate Uncertainty | Sometimes there is no answer |
| Empirical Evidence | Laboratory experiments, careful measurements, and scientific observations |
| What psychologists do | Teach and conduct research in colleges and universities. They provide health or mental health services, conduct research in nonacademic settings, or for a combination. |
| Where psychologists work | Hospitals, schools, testing, private practice, clinics, counseling centers |
| Basic and applied psychological research Basic | seeks knowledge for its own sake ex. research |
| Basic and applied psychological research Applied | uses research for practical applications |
| Non clinical specialties in psychology Experimental | conduct studies of motivation, emotion, sensation, perception, and learning |
| Non clinical specialties in psychology Educational | look for ways to improve educational systems |
| Non clinical specialties in psychology Developmental | study how people change and grow over time |
| Non clinical specialties in psychology Psychometric | Wundts first official prof. of psych. found that all sensory nerves are not equivalent, each carry their own info, called doctrine of specif. nerve energies Was a vitalist believing living things contain a vital force |
| Non clinical specialties in psychology Industrial/organizational | study behavior in the workplace |
| Psychological practitioners Clinical | diagnose, treat, study mental or emotional problems |
| Paul Broca | did autopsies and discovered that speech disorders are due to damage to the frontal lobe of cerebral hemisphere on left side |
| Broca's Aphasia | language disorder due to destruction of frontal lobe and they have problems with production of speech |
| Carl Wernick and Wernick's aphasia | located in temporal lobe damage to that area results in comprehension and they can't understand what is being said to them |
| Misch and Hitzig | did experiments on dogs, first ppl to electronically stimulate animals brain, found that front of cerebral hem. is responsible for motor movement. |
| David Ferrier | stimulated animals braind electrically found 15 diff. motor movements in a monkey, used ablation on back of monkey's brain then ablated part of the angular gyrus |
| Herman Helmholtz | materialist, Johannes Miller was mentor tested motor nerves in frogs and sensory nerves in humans. |
| Red Green and Blue | You can see color by mixing these three colors Helmholtz believed in a trichromatic theory that maybe our eyes have only red green and blue color receptors |
| Gustav Fechner | founder of psychophysics Re-wrote Weber's Results AI-just noticeable difference I- physical intensity of standard K- constant |
| Fechner's Law | S=KlogI I-physical intensity S-perceived intensity as you increase physical intensity of stimulus the perceived intensity will also increase, but as a log arthmic function like a candle in the dark and day light, in dark you see it better day u dont |
Created by:
swimifishi
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