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ARRT registry review covering Image Acquisition and Evaluation

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Question
Answer
What are the radiographic geometric factors?   Recorded detail and distortion. Pg. 296.  
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What are the photographic factors for radiology?   Density and contrast. Pg. 316.  
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Spatial resolution is measured in what?   Line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm). Pg. 296.  
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Does unsharpness increase as focal spot size increases or decreases?   Unsharpness increases as focal spot size increases. Pg. 303.  
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Is there more unsharpness at the cathode or anode end of the tube?   Cathode end. Pg. 304.  
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Is the effective focal spot smaller or larger than the actual focal spot?   The effective focal spot will always be smaller than the actual focal spot per the line focus principle. Pg. 307.  
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What is the best method of minimizing voluntary motion?   Good communication and suspended respiration. Pg. 307.  
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When and who developed the calcium tungstate intensifying screen?   Thomas Edison in 1896. Pg. 308.  
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Do phosphors with a high atomic number have a slower or greater speed?   They have a greater speed. Pg. 311.  
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If phosphor size increases, does screen speed increase?   Screen speed and phosphor size are directly related. The bigger the phosphor the faster the screen speed. Pg. 312.  
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Is there better recorded detail with a faster or slower screen speed?   As screen speed increases, recorded detail decreases. Pg. 312  
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If the mAs is doubled, what happens to the density?   The density doubles as well. Pg. 319.  
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To produce a perceptible change in density, how much would the mAs have to change?   The mAs would have to change at least 30%. Pg. 319.  
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Is mAs directly/indirectly proportional to the distance squared?   The mAs is directly proportional to the distance squared. Pg. 320.  
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If twice the original density is needed, what percentage should kV be increased?   You would need to increase the kV by 15% to see a increase in density. Pg. 323.  
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What is the single most important way to reduce scatter radiation?   Collimation. Pg. 325.  
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When is the use of a grid recommended?   For body parts measuring 10 cm or greater. Pg. 325.  
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If no grid is used on a large body part, what percentage of scatter radiation contributes to the total IR exposure?   50% of the image is scatter radiation. Pg. 326.  
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What is grid ratio?   Grid ratio is the height of the lead strips compared with the distance between them. Pg. 328.  
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What is grid frequency?   Grid frequency is the number of lead strips per inch. Pg. 329.  
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What grid ratio is recommended for radiography up to 90kV?   8:1 Grid. Pg. 330.  
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A 10 inch air-gap produces the same effect as what type of grid?   A 16:1 grid. Pg. 331.  
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The glass tubes accounts for how much filtration of the primary beam?   0.5 mm Al equivalent. Pg. 332.  
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The collimator box accounts for how much filtration of the primary beam?   1.0 mm Al equivalent. Pg. 332.  
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Give three examples of destructive pathologies that technique may need to be reduced.   Emphysema, degenerative arthritis, and osteoporosis. Pg. 335.  
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Give three examples of additive pathologies that technique may need to be increased.   Ascites, pneumonia, and atelectasis. Pg. 335.  
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When changing from single phase to three phase 12 pulse, what decrease of mAs is needed?   Cut the mAs in half. Pg. 338.  
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Does optical density increase/decrease as developer temperature increases?   Optical density increases. Pg. 341.  
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What is the function of contrast scale?   To make image details visible. Pg. 342.  
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Is there a larger or smaller margin of error when selecting higher kV?   There is a larger margin for error. Pg. 345.  
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