Introduction to Sociology Chapter 7: Deviance, De More
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| deviance | recognized violation of cultural norms
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| crime | violation of society's formally enacted criminal law
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| social control | attempts by society to regulat epeople's thoughts and behavior
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| criminal justice system | the organizations (police, courts, prison officials) that respond to alleged violations of the law
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| labeling theory | idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions
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| stigma | a powerfully negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity
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| medicalization of deviance | the transformation of moral and legal deviance into a medical condition
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| white-collar crime | crime committed by people of high social position in the course of their occupations
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| corporate crime | illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf
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| organized crime | a business supplying illegal goods or services
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| hate crime | a criminal act against a person or a person's property by an offender motivated by racial or other bias
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| crime against the person | crimes that direct violence or threat of violence against others; violent crime
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| crimes against property | crimes that involves theft of money or property belonging to others; property crimes
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| victimless crimes | violations of laws in which there are no obvious victims
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| plea bargaining | a legal negotiation in which a prosecutor reduces the charge in exchange for a defendant's guilty plea
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| retribution | an act of moral vengance by which society by which society makes the the offender suffer as much as the suffering caused by the crime
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| societal protection | rendering an offender incapable of furthe roffences temporarily through imprisonment or permanently through execution
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| criminal recidivism | later offenses by people previously conviceted of crimes
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| community-based corrections | corrections programs operating within society at large rather than prison walls
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| Merton's strain theory | theory that argues deviance results from particular social arrangements; specifically depending on whether society provides the means to achieve cultural goals.
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| conformity | achieving culturally accepted goals through conventional (culturally accepted) means
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| innovation | achieving culturally accepted goals through the use of unconventional means (such as crime)
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| ritualism | adhering to culturally accepted means of acheiving goals despite the inability to do so
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| retreatism | rejecting both cultural goals and the means to achieve them
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| rebellion | rejecting both cultural goals and the means to achieve them, but also forming a counterculture and/or alternatives to the existing cultural order
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| Sutherlands Differential Association Theory | theory that people ar emore likely to engage in delinquent behavior if they believe that peers encourage such activity
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| Hirschi's Control Theory | Links conformity to four types of social control: attachement, opportunity, involvement and belief
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| Structural-Finctionalism & Deviance | deviance is part of social organization; by defining deviance society sets boundries
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| Symbolic Interactionism & Deviance | devinac is part of a socially constructed reality that emerges in interaction; come sinto being as individuals label something deviant
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| Social Conflict & Deviance | deviance results from social inequality; norms, including laws, reflect the interest of the powerful members of society
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