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SOCI1010 Chp 7
Introduction to Sociology Chapter 7: Deviance, De More
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| deviance | recognized violation of cultural norms |
| crime | violation of society's formally enacted criminal law |
| social control | attempts by society to regulat epeople's thoughts and behavior |
| criminal justice system | the organizations (police, courts, prison officials) that respond to alleged violations of the law |
| labeling theory | idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions |
| stigma | a powerfully negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity |
| medicalization of deviance | the transformation of moral and legal deviance into a medical condition |
| white-collar crime | crime committed by people of high social position in the course of their occupations |
| corporate crime | illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf |
| organized crime | a business supplying illegal goods or services |
| hate crime | a criminal act against a person or a person's property by an offender motivated by racial or other bias |
| crime against the person | crimes that direct violence or threat of violence against others; violent crime |
| crimes against property | crimes that involves theft of money or property belonging to others; property crimes |
| victimless crimes | violations of laws in which there are no obvious victims |
| plea bargaining | a legal negotiation in which a prosecutor reduces the charge in exchange for a defendant's guilty plea |
| retribution | an act of moral vengance by which society by which society makes the the offender suffer as much as the suffering caused by the crime |
| societal protection | rendering an offender incapable of furthe roffences temporarily through imprisonment or permanently through execution |
| criminal recidivism | later offenses by people previously conviceted of crimes |
| community-based corrections | corrections programs operating within society at large rather than prison walls |
| Merton's strain theory | theory that argues deviance results from particular social arrangements; specifically depending on whether society provides the means to achieve cultural goals. |
| conformity | achieving culturally accepted goals through conventional (culturally accepted) means |
| innovation | achieving culturally accepted goals through the use of unconventional means (such as crime) |
| ritualism | adhering to culturally accepted means of acheiving goals despite the inability to do so |
| retreatism | rejecting both cultural goals and the means to achieve them |
| rebellion | rejecting both cultural goals and the means to achieve them, but also forming a counterculture and/or alternatives to the existing cultural order |
| Sutherlands Differential Association Theory | theory that people ar emore likely to engage in delinquent behavior if they believe that peers encourage such activity |
| Hirschi's Control Theory | Links conformity to four types of social control: attachement, opportunity, involvement and belief |
| Structural-Finctionalism & Deviance | deviance is part of social organization; by defining deviance society sets boundries |
| Symbolic Interactionism & Deviance | devinac is part of a socially constructed reality that emerges in interaction; come sinto being as individuals label something deviant |
| Social Conflict & Deviance | deviance results from social inequality; norms, including laws, reflect the interest of the powerful members of society |
Created by:
MrsAFlaherty
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