Labor and Birth Processes
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| What are 5 factors that affect process of labor and birth | passenger, passageway, powers, position of mother, psychologic response
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| What is the passenger and what are 4 parts | Passenger: fetus & placenta
Parts: fetal presentation, lie, attitude, position
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| what is difference bn suture and fontanels of fetus | Sutures: (streets)spaces bn cranial bones
fontanels: 6(intersections)intersections of cranial sutures
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| What are two most important fontanels and where are they? | Anterior: larger, diamond, close 18mos
Posterior: triangle, close 6-8wks
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| what are 4 presenting parts on skull | occiput - back
vertex - crown(best)
sinciput - forehead
mentum - chin
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| what is presentation mean? What are 3 main presenting positions | Which end of baby comes first
cephalic - head
Breech - bottom
Shoulder
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| What are 4 variatinos of cephalic presentattion | Vertex - occiput, chin tucked
Military - top of head
Brow
Face
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| what are 3 variations of breech position | Full/Complete - tucked (good)
Frank - piked
Footing - can opener
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| What is fetal lie and what are the variatons | orientation of long axis of fetus to woman
longitudinal/vertical: breech/cephalic
transverse/oblique/horizontal: shoulder
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| what is fetal attitude and it's variations | relation of fetal body parts to one another, chin tucked or not
Flexion or Extension
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| what is fetal position | location of fixed point on presenting part in relation to 4 quads of mom pelvis
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| what are 4 quadrants of mom pelvis | r/l posterior
r/l anterior
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| How is fetal position recorded | R/L- right/left
O/M/S/Sc - occiput/mentum/sacrum/scapula
A/P/T - anterior/posterior/transverse
ex: ROP = right occiputoposterior
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| How do you determine fetal position | It's where the presenting part if pointing
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| what is ideal fetal position? What is sunny side up? | OA- occipital anterior
sunny side: OP - occiput posterior
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| What is station | presenting part in relationship to pelvic ischial spines
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| what are possible stations | 0- level with spines
+1 - just below
+2 - further
+3 - call MD
+4 - birth
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| What is engagement | reaching or passing pelvic inlet or true pelvis, which is below ischial spines. False pelvis is above spines
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| What is the passageway | birth canal and consists of: bony pelvis, lower uterine seg, cervix, pelvic floor muscles, vagina, introitus(ext opening of vag) Must be determined b4 labor and head is major factor in course of birth
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| what are parts of true pelvis | inlet/brim, midpelvis/cavity, outlet
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| what are 4 diff pelvic types | gynecoid: round, vaginal
android: heart, male, c-section
antropoid: oval
platypelloid: horizontal oval
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| What are the primary and secondary powers | primary: involuntary Uterine contractions - effacement,dilation, Ferguson reflex (descent/bear down)
Secondary: mom pushing, bearing down efforts
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| what are three phases of contraction | increment, acme(peak), decrement then resting phase
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| what is freqency of contractions | end of one to beg of another
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| What is effacement What is dilation | effacement: thinning of cervix, 0-100%
dialtion: cervix opens, 1 - 10cm
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| What are two things that effect labor | pushing and position
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| What is labor | process of moving fetus, placenta, and membranes out of uterus adn thru birth canal
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| what is premonitory signs | signs preceding labor: lightening/dropping in true pelvis, urinary freq, backache, braxton hicks, wt loss, energy spurt, bloody show, cervial ripen, rupture of membranes
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| What is difference bn true labor adn false | true: discomfort in abd and back, cervical change, regular contractions that shorten, more intense
False: no cervix change, irregular ctxs, no chg in interval or intensity
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| How many stages of labor | 4 stages
Stage 1: 0-10 dilation
Stage 2: pushing
Stage 3: delivery of placenta
Stage 4: recovery
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| what are 3 phases of Stage 1 | latent- early 1-3cm, more effacement, little dilation active: 4-7cm, dilation and descent transition: 8-10cm active-
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| what are 3 phases of 2nd stage of labor | 1: full dilation, mild contractions, no pushing urge 2: bearing down 3: crowning til birth
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| What is shiny shultz and dirty duncan | Shiny shultz is placenta facing fetus Dirty duncan is placenta facing mom
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| what are 7 cardinal mvmts of labor in vertex presentation | 1. engagement 2. descent 3. flexion 4. internal rotation 5. extension 6. restitution/ext rotation 7. expulsion(birth)
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| how does maternal cardiovascular system change in labor | incr CO, HR, BP, WBC, resp, temp decr gastric motility, blood glucose
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| what is normal blood loss for vag birth? C-section? | vag: 500ml C-section 1000ml
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| what is ave FHR at term | 140 beats/min normal range: 110-160
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Created by:
palmerag
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