HDFS 145 TF
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| There are more unmarried women than there are unmarried men | True
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| A majority of african americans adults are unmarried | True
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| Both the pressure to marry and the attractions of marriage have greatly increase over the past few decades | False
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| Unmarried women and men are subjected to numerous unflattering stereotypes and often encounter discrimarotry treatment | True
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| Cohabitation has become part of the courtship process among young adults | True
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| Most cohabiting couples choose to live together because they don't perceive marriage as a desirable goal | False
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| Cohabitation is more common among college educated adults | False
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| Only same gender cohabiting couples can enter into legal domestic partnership | False
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| Most same gender cohabiting couples are dual earners | True
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| Unlike most human behavior, sexual behavior is instinctive | False
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| A significant number of women require manual or oral stimulation of the clitoris to experience orgasm | True
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| It is normal for children to engage in sexual experimentation with other children of both sexes | True
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| Kissing is the most common and most acceptable sexual activity | True
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| A decline in frequency of intercourse almost always indicate problems in the marital relationship | False
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| Most married women and men have had an extramarital relationship | False
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| Bisexuality is more widely accepted than male homosexuality or lesbianism | False
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| Partners in cohabiting relationships are more likely to be sexually unfaithful than married couples | True
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| Because of their knowledge, college students rarely put themselves at risk for sexually transmitted infections | False
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| Condoms are ineffective at preventing pregnancy of protecting against sexually transmitted infections | False
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| A high value of romantic love is unique in the united states | False
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| The development of mutual dependence is an important factor in love | True
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| Love and commitment are inseparable | False
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| Friendship and love share many characteristics | True
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| Men fall in love more quickly than women | True
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| Heterosexuals, gay men and lesbian are equally likely to fall in love | True
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| In many ways, love is like the attachment an infant experiences for a parent or primary caregiver | True
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| A high degree of jealously is a sign of true love | False
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| Partners with different styles of loving are likely to have more satisfying relationships because their styles and complementary | False
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| Love is something experienced and expressed similarly by people of their ethic or racial backgrounds | False
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| Trends in cohabitions and divorces clearly indicate a decrease in the importance of marriage in the U.S. | False
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| Couple who are unhappy before marriage significantly increase their happiness after marriage | False
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| Compared to adults in other Western countries, more Americans tend to agree that marriage is an outdated situations | False
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| Most interracial marriages are between African American men and Caucasian women | False (only 1/4)
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| Racial intermarriage is more common among highly educated people than among the less educated | True
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| The advent of children generally increases a couples marital satisfaction | False (may increase or decrease depending on the situation) (lower satisfaction and increase conflict w/ children in the household)
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| Having children is a decline in leisure activities | True
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| Marital satisfaction declines in the early years of marriage even among non parents | True
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| Three types of marital commitment | Personal commitment, moral commitment (forever and always), structural commitment (awareness of alternatives/ lost opportunities if you leave the relationship)
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| Product of love and satisfaction | Personal commitment
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| Product of our attitudes about marriage & divorce, "personal contact with our spouse" | Moral commitment
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| Product of alternatives | Structural commitment
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| Marital quality was lower among couples experiencing higher average levels of stress | True
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| During times of elevated stress, more relationship problems were perceived & partners negative behaviors were more often viewed as selfish, blameworthy | True
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| Blue collared husbands were more likely than white collared husbands to respond with negative affect to negative affect their wives in problem-solving discussions | True
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| Air traffic controllers, on high stress days express less... | Anger and less emotional withdrawal
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| 200 African Americans living in more distressed areas, express less.. | Warmth and hostility
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| When people marry they still have strong ties to their parents, until the wedding | True
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| Better the relationship with one in-law than the better the relationship is to be more happy | True
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| Formal task is to form a family that is interdependent rather than independent or dependent | True
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| Married women & men are less involved with their parents than.. | Non married or previously married
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| Divorce women & men are less involved are less involved with there parents than.. | Never married people
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| Married people are less likely to socialize with friends or neighbors than | Never married or previously married
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| Once married couples have children they show more similarity to the never married or previously married by | Practical or emotional help
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| Four assumptions for husband & wife: | Husband the head of the household, the husband is responsible for support the family, the wife is responsible for domestic work, the wife is responsible for children
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| Accumulation over time of various factors such as unresolved conflicts, poor communication, grievances, role overload | Duration-of-marriage-effect
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| Primary adjustment tasks: | Establish marital & family roles
Provide emotional support for partner
Adjust personal habits
Negotiate gender roles
Make sexual adjustment
Establish priorities
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| Interaction process of role adjustment | Identity bargaining
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| Identity bargaining is a Three step process: | 1st: identify role you are performing
2nd: person must be treated by others as if they fulfill that role
3rd: two people must negotiate changes in each other's roles
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| Newly couples are affectionate, very much in love | Blissful harmony
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| One year into marriage the average says "i love you" and has sexual intercourse half as often as they were newly wed | True
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| Falling in love and the emotional connection | Emotional marriage
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| Change in an individuals identity from an autonomous individual to a partner couple | Psychic marriage
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| Changes in social relationships & social networks | Community marriage
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| Provides a couple with a host of responsibilities | Legal marriage
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| Economic changes when you marry | Economic marriage
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| Changes induced in marriage relationship by the arrival of children | Copartnal marriage
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| Dividing, managing and performing house chores | Domestic marriage
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| Living together before marriage but not legally recognized until wedding | Cohabition
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| Symbolizes a couples commitment to each other | Weddings
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| First stage of begins with engagement or cohabitation followed by a wedding | Family life cycle
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| Today, in contrast to past engagement has more significance as a ritual than as a binding commitment to be married | True
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| Engagements average between.. | 16-18 months
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| Number of social and psychological issues during engagement period: | Anxiety
Maturation and dependency needs
Losses
Partner choice
Gender-role conflict
Idealization
Marital expectations
Self-knowledge (understand yourself)
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| Courtship sets the stage of marriage | True
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| Three courtship & marital outcomes: | Rocky & turbulent courtship: upset, anger, jealousy
Sweet & undramatic courtships: partners are "good hearts"
Passionate courtships: plugging into love, having sex early in the relationship> more vulnerable to divorce
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| The most important factor of marriage is.. | Age
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| People who marry young are at greater risk of fail | True (divorce)
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| Early marriage is associated with reduced educational attainment | True
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| Trend in the U.S. has been delaying marriage | True
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| Women are twice than men to marry early | True
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| Married couples are better off financially than others | True
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| Living in a household that earns 10 times the poverty level, married couples are more likely to attain this | Afluence
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| Married people tend to live healthier | True
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| The belief that people select spouses those whose needs are different from our own "Opposites attract" | Complementary needs theory
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| Gratification follows from finding someone who feels/ thinks like we do "Birds of feathers flock together" | Value theory/role theory
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| We seek partners similar to our opposite-sex partner | Parental image theory
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| What happens between the "magic moment" with its chemistry and decision to maintain a long-term relationship such as marriage | Stimulus-value-role theory
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| Each person drawn to each other before actual interaction | Stimulus stage
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| Partner weigh each others basic values, seeking compatibility | Value stage
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| Each person analyzes the others behaviors or how the person fulfills there love roles | Role stage
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| Explain Marriage patterns: | Preferences of individuals for resources in a partner
The influence of one's peer group
The constraints of marriage market
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| Intermarriage can decrease the importance of cultural differences because the children of mixed marriages are less likely to identify themselves with a single group | True
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| Through intermarriage, individuals may question and lose negative attitudes they have toward other groups | True
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| Never married people are more likely to marry never married people | True
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| Never married people who marry divorced partners find that they have to deal with lower amounts of resources | True
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| Occurs more as a result of deliberate choices | Marital history homogamy
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| The tendency we have to select partners from a geographically limited locale | Residential propinquity
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| An important factor affecting the marriage market is the ration of men to women | True
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| Gender imbalance reflected in the ratio of available unmarried women and men | Marriage squeeze
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| 18-44 there are more unmarried women than men | True
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| Tendency for women to marry men of higher status | Mating gradient
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| Americans tend to marry those of similar ages | True
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| Marry those similar to us (same race, religion); fear of those who are different than ourselves | Endogamy
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| Requires us to marry outside certain groups | Exogamy
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| The tendency to choose a mate whose personal or group characteristics are similar to us | Homogamy/positive assortative mating
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| Tendency to chose a mate whose personal or group characteristics differ from our own | Heterogamy
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| Strongest pressure toward homogamy | True
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| Most important factors of homogamy: | Race, ethnicity, religion, personality characteristics
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| Most marriages are between members of the same races | True; 98% the same race; 7% different race
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| Interracial marriage has increased over highly educated people | True
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| Puerto rican women & men are least likely to marry white spouses, more likely to marry.. | True, African Americans
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| Puerto Ricans are more likely than African Americans to marry whites | True
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| _____ of intermarriages are between blacks and whites | 1/4
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| _____between and Black ann white women | 1/3
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| Interracial marriages have been found to divorce | True
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| Fertility rates vary by.. | Education
Income
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| 30% between age 40-44 did not have children | False, 20%
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| 40% of births to unmarried women | True
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| Difficulty conceiving or carrying a pregnancy to term | Impaired fecundity
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| ____ adopted children under age 18 | 1.6 million
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| ___ under age 18 | 2.5%
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| More high school males than females had sexual intercourse | True
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| Sexuality attracted to the other gender | Heterosexaul
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| Strong dislike fear, or hatred of lesbians/gays because of there sexuality | Antigay prejudice
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| Irrational phobic fear or gay men and lesbians | Homophobia
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| Bias/ discrimination in favor of heterosexuals | Heterosexism
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| Victimized least: Victimized most: | Physically attacked, sexually assaulted, beaten
Verbally assaulted or abused
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| Gay men are more likely to experience such victimization than lesbian/bisexuals | True
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| Becoming bisexual: | Confusion
Finding an label
Settling into the identity
Continual of uncertainty
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| There are more single women than men | True
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| Factors why there are so many single adults: | Delayed marriage, expanded education, increase rate of divorce, more liberal standards, uneven ration of unmarried women and men
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| Starts with the male at puberty and the production of sperm is regulated by hormones | Spermatogenis
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| Each woman is born with her life supply of ova, and between ___ and ____ eggs eventually mature and leave her ovaries during ovulation | 300 & 500
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| Fertilized egg travels down the fallopian tube, diving to form a tiny clump of cells | Zygote
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| When it reaches the uterus it burrows into the endomentrium, the lining of the uterus | Implantation
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| 15-44% of women the ages 15-44 have used a birth control method at least once | True
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| 11% do not use birth control method | True
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| Half of three million pregnancies each year are unintended | True
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| 14,000 put there children up for adoption | True
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| __ million women have abortions | 1.3
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| ___ women & men have gotten pregnant unintentionally | 2%
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| Block the meeting of egg and sperm by means of physical barrier (diaphram, cervical cap) | Barrier contraceptives
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| Condoms are second to the pill for college educated | True
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| Act as a barrier by blocking the entrance to the uterus and absorbing and deactivating sperm | Sponge
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| Chemical foams, jellies, film | Vaginal spermicide
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| Failure rates of vaginal suppositories are as high as.. | 10-25%
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| A thin two inch square film laced with spermicide is folded and inserted into the vagina, it dissolves | Film
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| Non hormonal, latex free | Fem cap
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| Release a constant dose of estrogen and progestin throughout a women's menstrual cycle | Monophasic pills
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| Normal hormonal fluctuations of the natural menstrual cycle by providing different level of estrogen and progerstore at different times of the month | Multiphasic pills
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| Contain only a small amount of progestin and no estrogen | Minipill
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| A small piece of molded plastic, with a nylon string attached, that is inserted into the uterus through the cervix, it prevents pregnancy by interfering with the implantation | IUD
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| To terminate pregnancy | Medical abortion
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| A surgical sterilization procedure in which the fallopian tubes are observed, with a laparotscope inserted through a small incision, and then cut or blocked | Laparoscopy
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| Done from 7-13 weeks after the last menstraul cycle, involves the gradual dilation (opening) of the cervix, often by inserting into the cervix one or more sticks of the laminaria | Suction currettage
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| Enhancement of a woman's health and well being prior to conception in order to ensure a healthy pregnancy and baby--include risk assessment | Preconception care
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| 70% of babies are still born to women in their 20's | True
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