chapters 1-7
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| show | hypothesis
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| to repeat an experimental test procedure and obtain the same results is to _____ the test of the hypothesis | show 🗑
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| A time when certain things must occur for normal development is a ________ ______. At certain points there may also be a _________ ______. | show 🗑
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| Genes and environment _______ every aspect of development | show 🗑
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| The 5 developmental characteristics embodied within the life-span perspective are that development is | show 🗑
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| show | ecological system approach.
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| show | cohort
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| These people tend to be affected by history in | show 🗑
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| show | SES
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| The meaning and information system shared by a group and transmitted across generations, constitutes a | show 🗑
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| people are influnced by____ ____ ___culture | show 🗑
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| show | ethnic group
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| show | multi disiplinary
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| show | plasticity
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| show | how and why people change or remain the same over time.
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| show | qualitative research
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| show | genes are to environment.
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| Dynamic-systems theory emphasizes the idea that | show 🗑
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| The ecological-systems approach to developmental psychology focuses on the | show 🗑
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| The science of development focuses on | show 🗑
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| show | mirror neurons
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| a hypothesis is a | show 🗑
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| show | microsystem
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| socioeconomic status is determined by a combination of variables, including | show 🗑
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| to say that developmental science is empirical means that it | show 🗑
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| Which research method would be most appropriate for investigation the relationship between parents' religious beliefs and their attitudes toward middle-school sex education? | show 🗑
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| to establish cause, which type of research study would an investigator conduct? | show 🗑
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| show | scientific observation
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| scientists rarely repeat an experiment | show 🗑
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| show | false
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| observation usually indicates a clear relationship between cause and effect. | show 🗑
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| show | false
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| cohort differences are an example of the impact of the social context on development. | show 🗑
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| every trait of an individual can be molded into different forms and shapes | show 🗑
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| because of its limitations, qualitative research is rarely used in developmental research. | show 🗑
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| show | false
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| people of different ethnic groups can all share one culture. | show 🗑
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| Longitudinal research is particularly useful in studying development over a long age span. | show 🗑
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| an individual's personal sphere of development refers to his or her | show 🗑
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| developmental psychologists explore three domains of development: | show 🗑
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| show | never physically or psychologically harm those who are invloved in research.
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| from ages 2 to 10, children ordinarily gain a few pounds each year. this is an example of | show 🗑
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| show | cultural values
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| In an experiment, the treatment of interest is given to the ____________ group; the no-treatment group is the _______ group. | show 🗑
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| a cohort is defined as a group of people | show 🗑
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| in a test of the effects of noise, groups of students performed a proofreading task in a noisy or a quiet room. to what group were students in the noisy room assigned? | show 🗑
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| In differentiating ethnicity and culture, we note that | show 🗑
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| if developmentalists discovered that poor people are happier than wealthy people, this would indicate that wealth and happiness are | show 🗑
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| the plasticity of development refers to the fact that | show 🗑
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| show | independent variable
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| research on mirror neurons has revealed that | show 🗑
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| which of the following statements concerning ethnicity and culture is NOT true? | show 🗑
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| show | cohort
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| show | socioeconomic status
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| show | cross-sectional research
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| show | ethnic group
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| show | culture
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| show | independent variable
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| show | replicate
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| the variable measured in an experiment | show 🗑
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| research study retesting one group of people at several different times | show 🗑
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| psychoanalytic theory interprets human development in terms of inner _______ and ______, which are___________ and ___________ and originate in _________ | show 🗑
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| show | psychoanylitic
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| According to Freud's psychoanalitic theory, from infancy to early childhood to the preschool years, these stages are the ____ stage, the ____ stage and the _______ stage. | show 🗑
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| show | mouth, toilet
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| show | 8
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| show | crisis
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| show | span
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| Birth to 1 year | show 🗑
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| show | autonomy vs. shame and doubt
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| a major theory in American psychology, which opposed psychoanalytic theory, was ___________ | show 🗑
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| show | John Watson
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| John Watsons' theory is also called ________ theory because of its emphasis on learning behavior step by step | show 🗑
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| show | at all ages
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| show | CONDITIONING
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| show | classical conditioning and operant conditioning
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| in classical conditioning, which was discovered by the Russian scientist | show 🗑
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| show | respondent conditioning, neutral
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| show | BF Skinner,operant conditioning
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| show | consequence
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| show | instrumental conditioning
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| show | reinforcement
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| show | provide a broad and coherent view of the complex influences on human development, offer guidance for practical issues encountered by parents, teachers, and therapists and generate testable hypotheses about development.
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| which developmental theory emphasizes the influence of unconscious drives and motives on behavior? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following is the correct order of psychosexual stages proposed by freud? | show 🗑
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| show | eight crises all people are thought to face
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| show | sociocultural
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| show | BF Skinner
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| show | classical conditioning
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| Modeling, an integral part of social learning theory, is so called because it | show 🗑
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| Which developmental theory suggests that each person is born with genetic tendencies that direct development? | show 🗑
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| show | psychoanalytic
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| show | sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, forman operational
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| when an individual's existing understanding no longer fits his or her present experiences, the result is called | show 🗑
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| behaviorists study what people actually do, not what they might be thinking. | show 🗑
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| Erikson's eight developmental stages are centered ont on a body part but on each person's relationship to the social environment. | show 🗑
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| sociocultural theory arose from fields of archeology, biology, and ethology. | show 🗑
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| few developmental theorists today believe that humans have instincts or abilities that arise from our species' biological heritage. | show 🗑
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| show | false
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| according to Piaget, a state of cognitive equilibrium must be attained before cognitive growth can occur. | show 🗑
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| in part, cognitive theory examines how an individual's understandings and expectations affect his or her behavior. | show 🗑
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| show | false
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| most contemporary researchers have adopted an eclectic perspective on development | show 🗑
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| the central idea of humanism is that all people have the same basic needs. | show 🗑
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| Which developmental theorist has been criticized for suggesting that every child, in every culture, in every nation, passes through certain fixed stages? | show 🗑
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| of the following terms, the one that does NOT describe a stage of Freud's theory of childhood sexuality is | show 🗑
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| show | social learning theory
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| show | information processing
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| show | trust versus mistrust
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| show | John Watson
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| show | Pavlov; Skinner
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| show | altering the environment
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| show | senses and motor abilities
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| In Piaget's theory, cognitive equilibrium refers to | show 🗑
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| You teach your dog to "speak" by giving her a treat each time she does so. This is an example of | show 🗑
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| show | accommodation
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| show | Lev Vygotsky
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| emphasizes the impact of the immediate environment on behavior | show 🗑
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| show | newer theories
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| emphasizes that people learn by observing others | show 🗑
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| show | unconditional positive regard
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| show | conditioning
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| show | psychoanalytic theory
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| emphasizes the cultrual context in development | show 🗑
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| show | cognitive theory
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| show | modeling
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| show | evolutionary theory
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| show | humanism
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| chromosome pair inherited by a genetic females | show 🗑
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| show | monozygotic
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| sperm and ovum | show 🗑
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| show | zygote
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| show | carrier
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| show | dizygotic
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| a pattern in which each gene in question makes an active contribution to the final outcome | show 🗑
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| a DNA molecule | show 🗑
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| the behavioral or physical expression of genetic potential | show 🗑
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| show | fragile X syndrome
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| show | alleles
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| show | XY
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| show | genotype
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| show | 46 chromosomes
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| show | not sex-linked
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| Dizygotic twins result when | show 🗑
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| term for the period which a developing baby's body parts are most susceptible to damage | show 🗑
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| show | teratogens
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| the age when viability is attained | show 🗑
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| show | anoxia
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| characterised by abnormal facial characteristics, slowed growth, behavior problems, and mental retardation | show 🗑
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| show | placenta
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| when implantation occurs | show 🗑
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| the prenatal period when all major body structures begin to form | show 🗑
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| show | preterm
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| show | doula
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| show | visual cliff
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| show | new adaptation and anticipation
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| show | mental combinations
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| a feedback loop involving the infant's own body | show 🗑
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| show | secondary circular reaction
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| show | LAD
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| show | child-directed speech
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| show | "little scientist"
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| show | goal-directed behavior
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| a feedback loop involving active exploration and experimentation | show 🗑
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| show | grammar
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| show | function or use to the individual
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| show | three
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| sensorimotor intelligence begins with a baby's first | show 🗑
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| show | learning and perception are active cognitive processes
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| toward the end of the first year, infants usually learn how to | show 🗑
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| show | permanence
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| show | determined by both biological maturation and learning
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| show | in the same sequence according to a variable timetable
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| the average baby speaks a few words at about | show 🗑
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| a single word used by toddlers to express a complete thought is | show 🗑
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| a distinctive form of language, with a particular pitch, structure, etc., that adults use in talking to infants is called | show 🗑
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