Spec Topic
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| Most common type of blood type in felines: | A
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| Purebred feline blood types are usually: | B
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| Feline blood types: | A, B, A/B
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| __ is the universal recipient bld type for cats | A/B
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| Cats have no ____ donor : | universal donor
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| Feline donor requirements: | 10#>, neutered, vax, PCV ~35%
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| Feline donor can provide ___ml of blood every 4-5 weeks : | 60ml
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| Blood transfusions are done at a rate of ___ then increased up to___ | *1ml/kg/15-20min *22ml/kg/hr
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| Blood transfusions are given for no longer than __hrs : | 4HRS
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| Ace can cause ___ | Hypolension /Low BP
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| The most common anticoagulant system is___ given at _: | *ACD *1ml ACD/9ml blood
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| Greyhounds and pit bulls are most common ___ donor : | Universal donor
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| What are the 2 types of collection systems? | Closed system and open system
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| Giving the wrong blood type will cause : | Intravascular hemolysis
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| A PCV can remain normal for __hrs after acute bld loss and do not indicate ___: | 6hrs *Transfusion
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| Indications for blood transfusions : | Severe blood loss, chronic anemia, coagulation defects, autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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| The most common k-9 blood type is ___ and considered universal ___: | *1.1+ *recipient
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| K-9 universal donor types are: | 1.1 –
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| k-9 universal recipient type : | 1.1 +
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| k-9 universal donor type: | 1.1-
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| _% of dogs are either DEA __ or __ | *60% *1.1+/1.2+
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| Major crossmatching: | Recpt serum to donor RBC’s
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| Minor crossmatch: | Donor serum to Recpt Rbc’s
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| K-9 donor requirements: | 55#> , 1-8yrs ,PCV40%,
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| Donor must be tested for Reckettsial diseases every __ months : | 6 months
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| Whole blood is : | less than 8 hours
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| Purpose of a blood transfusion: | Provide increase O2
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| K-9 RBC lifespan: | 110 days
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| Feline RBC lifespan: | 70 days
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| a unit of blood is : | 250ml
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| Coagulopathy, severe life threating bleeding: | Plasma
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| actively bleeding, accute hemorrhage: | Whole blood
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| Stored whole blood: | >8 hours up to 30 days: contains plasma protein only
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| Fresh frozen plasma: | >12 months , has all clotting factors
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| Fresh plasma: | albumin/stabile factors
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| Plasma contains all clotting factors except___ | Plt's
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| Plt rich plasma is harvest from: | fresh whole blood less than 8 hours old
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| k-9 donor formula: | Lean # in kg X 99=
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| Fel donor formula: | Lean # in kg X 66=
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| Generally __% of a donors blood can be collected | 10% : kg x 99 x .10
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| Leukemia and Hypoproteinemia do not require ___ | Transfusions
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| Fast heart beat: | Tachycardia
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| Too slow heart beat: | Bradycardia
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| Irritable heart rate: | Premature
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| Absent heart beat: | Block
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| Irregular heart beat: | Arrhythmia
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| Normal heart beat: | Normal sinus rhythm
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| Increase in HR during inspiration and decrease in HR during exhalation: | Sinus arrhythmia
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| True or False:Sinus arrhythmia's are Normal in dogs | True
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| A normal ECG paper speed is: | 25-50mm/sec
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| What are the 2 conductors used for electrodes? | Alcohol or ultrasound gel
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| Normal heart rate for dogs: | 70-160 BPM
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| Normal heart rate for felines: | 150-210 BPM
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| Sinus Bradycardia : | K-9: >45#- HR<60 BPM Fel:100 BPM or less
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| Sinus tachycardia can be caused by: | pain, fever, anemia, excitement,hyperthyroidism
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| Rapid, irregular, unsynchronized contraction of heart muscle: | Fibrillation
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| ___ is manual atrial depolarization | Defibrillation
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| If a P wave is not seen on ECG it may be a sign of: | PCV:Premature ventricular complexes
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| If no P OR QRS is seen on ECG it may be a sign of: | Ventricular fibrillation
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| A normal sinus rhythm followed by a prolonged failure of the SA node: | Sinus arrest
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| _____ are used in cases of delayed beats known as sinus arrest | Pace maker
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| First degree Av block: | Consistent delay between P and Q interval
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| Second degree Av block: | Missing QRS and gradual lengthening in P-R interval
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| Third degree Av block | No relation between P wave and QRS complex
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| ___ is known as dropped beats (gradual lengthening of P-R interval) | Sencond Deg AV block Type 1
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| ___ is known as multiple dropped beats (Consistent P-R intervals) | Second Deg AV block type 2
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| No electrical activity, no cardiac output: | Asystole:l;flat line
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| Medications of choice for Asystole are ____ and ___ | Epinephrine and Atropine
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| Pathway of impulse thru the heart: | SA node, AV noded, Bundle of his, L/R bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
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| Depolarization is ___ and Repolarization is ___ | *Contraction *Relaxation
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| 5 Physiologic properties of the cardiac muscle: | *Automaticity *Excitability *Refractoriness *Conductivity *Contractility
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| ___ follows the "All Or Nothing " law | Excitability
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| Heart contractions are a result of ___ and ___ | Depolarization and Re-polarization
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| Graphic recording of electrical potentials: | Electrocardiogram
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| A wave that arises from a source other than the heart: | Artifact
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| Any electrical activity that differs from the normal: | Cardiac Arrhythmia
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| Electrode/wire placement: | above the stifle skin and on the elbow skin
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| Patient connected to an ECG machine should be in ___ or ___ position | R/lateral recumbency or Standing
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| 02 levels should always be above __% | 95
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| ECG Lead order: | R/F:White L/F:Black L/R:Red R/R:Green
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| Upward deflection ____ electrode Downward deflection ___ electrode | *Positive *Negative
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| The P wave reflects the: | SA node: atrial contraction
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| The Q Represents: | Atrial depolarization
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| R represents: | AV node: Ventricle contraction
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| S represents: | Repolarization:relaxed ventricle
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| T represents: | Resting period
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| 2 wound categories: | *Intentional *Non-intentional
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| Sx is a form of a _____ wound and Trauma or self-infliction is a form of a ____ wound | *Intentional *non-intentional
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| Disrupts normal skin integrity: | Wound
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| Wound healing begins____ | immediately
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| Phases of wound healing: | *Inflammation *Debridment *repair *maturation
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| Plt's initiate healing though release of _____ | Growth factors
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| During Inflammation: | Blood vessels constriction for 5-10 min, then dilate to release clotting factors
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| Debridement phase is the removal of ____ and occurs _____ hours after injury | *necrotic tissue *6 hours
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| Exudate includes: | WBC's and fluid
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| Wound strength is __in the first 3-_ days | *minimal *3-5
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| Inflammation + debridment = | Lag phaase
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| Repair phase occurs ___- days after injury and lasts ___ days | *3-5days *17-20 days
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| New epithelium forms ___ days post injury if sutured ____ hrs of the injury | *4-5 days *24-48 hours
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| wound contraction occurs within ___ days | 5-9
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| maturation is the ______ of collegen fibers to increase ____ | *cross linking *strength
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| It takes __ hrs for a blood clot to form,__ days for repair and __ yrs for a scar to completely form | *6 hrs *17-20days *1-2yrs
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| After a scar forms the skin will be to __% normal | 80%
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| _____ is cushings dz and ____ is addisons Dz | *HYPERadrenocortism *HYPOadrenocortism
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| ___ ___ and ___ are all commonly used drugs that prolong healing | Aspirin, corticosteriods, NSAIDS
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| Types of wound healing: | 1st, 2nd and 3rd intention
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| 1st intention: | Suture wound
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| 2nd Intention: | Leave wound open
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| 3RD Intention: | Leave wound open initially and then suture at a later time
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| ___ and ___ act as FB and delay healing | Creams and powders
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| You can use __ to temporarily close a wound in clinic while prepping. | Towel clamps
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| Warm ____ or ___ are used to lavage wounds | Sterile saline or electrolyte solution
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| ___, __, and ___ are never added to flushing solutions | Soap, detergent, or Antibiotics
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| A water pick or __ml syringe __g needle can be used to lavage a wound | *35ml *19g
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| Refreshment/excise of edges is known as: | En bloc
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| Removal of affected tissue in layers is known as: | Layered removal
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| Solutions that contain Trypsin are known as a form of _____ debridement and are a ___ method | *enzymatic *slow
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| Sugar, honey and saline are all forms of ___ solutions that should be used ___ tissue is present | *Hypertonic *granulation
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| Types of wound closures: | *Primary *delayed primary *contraction/epithelialization *Secondary closure
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| Primary wound closure is __ intention healing and is also called____ | *1st *Appositional healing
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| Primary closure is the ___ where a wound is still considered clean is ___ hrs after injury | *Golden period *6-8
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| Delayed closure is ___ days after injury and before ___ tissue is formed | *1-3 days *granulation
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| Contraction and epithelialization is the _____ tissue ___ intention healing | *adhesion of granulation tissue *2nd intention
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| Deglovings are common in ___ injuries and will heal by ___ intention | *HBC *2nd intension
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| Secondary wound closures are sutured at ___ days when _____will not completely close the wound | *3-5 Days *epithelial & contraction
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| Secondary wound closure is __ intention healing | 3rd intention
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| In wound with questionable ____ or ___ should remain open | Blood supply or Dead space
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| Disturbance of epidermis or exposure of deep dermis: | Abrasion
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| Bandaging must include: | *Semiocclusive primary layer *change every 3-4 days *maintained until cover with epithelial tissue
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| Sharp incised edges: | Laceration
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| Tissue that is torn away: | Avulsion
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| Lacerations are still considered clean and can be sutured within ___ hours with ____ | *12hrs *debridment
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| If there is questionable blood supply you should: | Leave the wound open
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| survival rate of a burn victim with >50% is _____ | rare
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| 1st degree burn: | Superficial epidermis
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| 2nd degree burn: | all layers of the dermis, blisters
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| 3rd degree burn: | Full thickness/ all layers/leathery
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| 4th Degree burns: | full thickness/ involves dermis/ SQ and muscle
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| Metabolic intake of burn victim may increase up to __% | 200%
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| ____ is the key to avoiding decubital sores, by turning the patient every ___ hr | *Prevention *4
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| What gauge needle is used for a cystocentesis and what length? | 22 k-9 *25g Fel *1-1 ½ inch
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| Types of urine collection: | voided(free catch), catheterization, cystocentesis
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| What position can you collect a cysto in a k-9? | Standing, lateral recumbancy, dorsal recumbancy
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| What position are cats in cysto collection? | lateral recumbancy
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| At what angle do you insert your needle with dorsal recumbancy? | 45 deg Cranial to caudal
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| Do you have to aseptically prep your cysto site? | No
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