Female Reproductive Disorders
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| What is vaginitis | inflammation of vagina, bacterial most common, then candidiasis(yeast, fungal), trichomoniasis(STD)
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| What is normal pH of vagina | low: 3.5-4.5 maintained by lacto acidophilus. Estrogen is broken down into glycogen to create lactic acid and lower pH
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| what causes bacterial vaginosis | overgrowth of Gardnerella and anaerobic bacteria, no s/s, antibiotics
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| what is bartholinitis | infection of vestibular gland, ecoli, staph, drain abscess
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| what is cervicitis | STDs, drugs
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| what is atrophic vaginitis | more alkaline pH, topical estrogen tx
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| what are s/s of vaginal infections | itching, burning, odor, redness, edema, cottage cheese(candidiasis)
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| what are risk factors for vulvovaginal infections | tight clothing, allergies, DM, low estrogen levels, douching
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| what is HPV | human papillomavirus is STD, most common in young people
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| what are most common types of HPV | 6 & 11, cause condylomata(warty growths), low risk for cervical cancer (16 & 18 for cervical cancer), vaccine: Gardasil, pap smears for dysplasia(changes to cervical cells)
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| What is types of herpes virus | herpes genitalis(HSV-2), simplex(HSV-1), varicella zoster/shingles, Epstein-Barr, CMV, B-lymphotrophic
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| how is HSV-2 transmitted | sexually, wet surfaces, self transmission, can incr vulnerability to HIV
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| What is HSV-2 | recurrent, life-long infection, blisters, STD
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| Tx for HSV-2 | acyclovir etc. to supress s/s, recurrence from stress, sunburn, dental work, low rest, bad nutrition
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| what is endocervicitis | inflammation of mucosa and glands of cervix
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| what are two most common causes of endocervicitis | chlamydia/gonorrhea, most no s/s
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| what can chlamydia lead to | ectopic preg, PID, pelvic infl disease, infertility, vulnerable for HIV
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| what s/s are similar to PID | HIV - chronic pain incr wtih activity, fever, chills, N/V, HA
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| what is PID | infl pelvic cavity adn can involve uterus, fallopian tube, ovaries, pelvic peritoneum/vasular system
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| what is nursing mgmt for PID | keep head up to keep disease down
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| what is typical route of spread of bacterial infection? gonorrhea? | bacterial spreads into uterus then lymphatics, or thru bloodstream gonorrhea spreads to tubes/ovaries
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| Pelvic organ Prolapse | weakening of vaginal walls wo pelvic organs to desc into vaginal canal
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| what is cystocele | bladder desc toward vaginal opening, damage to ant. vaginal support structures
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| what is rectocele | upward pouching of rectum pushing post wall of vagina forward
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| what is enterocele | protrusion of intestinal wall into vagina
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| what are tx for pelvic organ prolapse | kegel exercises, pessary
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| what is uterine prolapse | work way down vaginal canal or appear outside (procidentia)
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| what are tx for uterine prolapse | kegel exercises/surgery/pessary hysterectomy, colpocleisis, vaginal closure
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| How soon should pt void after catheter removed | 4-6hrs
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| what is a fisutla | abnormal opening bn two organs or bn organ adn ext of body.
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| what are three kinds of fistulas | 1.vesicovaginal: bladder adn vagina 2.rectovaginal: rectum/vagina 3.urethrovaginal
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| what are benign disorders | vulvitis/vulvodynia/vulva cysts/vulvar dystrophy/ovarian cysts/fibroids
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| what is vulvitis | inflam of vulva, can occur wtih DM, dermatologic probs, poor hygiene
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| what is vulvodynia | chronic vulvar pain syndrome: burning, stinging, stabbing pain. I.e. vestibulodynia is most common type with sharp pain and pressure.
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| what is vulvular cysts | Bartholin's cyst is obstuction of duct of paired vestibular glands. caused by ecoli, staph
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| what is vulvar dystrophy | dry thick skin on vulva, elderly
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| when is risk greater for malignancy wtih ovarian cysts, pre or post menopausal | postmenopausal cause no estrogen
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| what is PCOS | polycystic ovary syndrome - no ovulation. Oral contraceptive help supress ovarian activity
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| what are fibroids, leiomyomas and myomas | genetic, related to hormones so not prob with elderly. Bleeding common. Hysterectomy common tx
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| what is endometriosis | chronic disease wtih lesions of similar cell type to lining of uterus grow anywhere in pelvic cavity, pain, infertility, found in nulliparous 25-35age and adol w/ dysmenorrhea
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| what tx is helpful in endometriosis | hormone therapy, hysterectomy
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| what are common malignant female cancers | cervical(HPV risk), uterine, ovarian(adv stages in 55-65age), vaginal(DES risk), vulvar(rare) prevention, screening, early detection vital
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| which cancer has the most deaths? most new cases? | deaths: ovarian; new cases: uterine
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| what is 2nd most prevalent caner and 5th leading casue of cancer deaths | cervical, but declining
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| Cancer of the cervix can best be prevented how | reg pelvic exams, pap tests Early is asymtomatic risk factors: mult partners, uncircumcised males, hx, smoking, HPV, HIV 3rd most common
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| Cancer of uterus | 4th most common risk factors: obesity, estrogen therapy w/o progesterone, tamoxifen asymptomatic hyterectomy/radiation
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| Cancer of the Vulva | mostly postmenopausal, s/s: pruritus/soreness tx: vulvectomy, destructive
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| Cancer of Ovary | leading cause of deaths, incr risk of breast cancer, recurrence is high risk factors: genetic, no preggies
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| what is common complication with any cancer | recurrence
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| what is hysterectomy | removal of uterus
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| what is total hysterectomy | remove uterus and cervix, ovaries
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| what is radical hysterectomy | remove uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, proximal vagina, bilateral lymph nodes thru abd incision. Can be done vaginally (no lymph nodes)
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| what is pelvic exenteration | remove pelvic organs incl bladder, rectum, lymph nodes
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| what is radical trachelectomy | remove cervix adn selected nodes to preserve childbearing capacity
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| what are potential probs wtih hysterectomy | hemorrhage, DVT, bladdy dysfx
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| what are three types of radiation therapy | external, intraoperative, internal Bed Rest essential
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| what is external radiation | destroys cancer cells on skin surface or deeper in body
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| what is intraoperative radiation therapy | IORT applied directly to affected area during surgery.
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| what is internal (intracavitary) irradiation | applicators inserted into vagina/endometrial cavity, loaded with radioactive material(afterloading). Precise control of exposure. Min. exposure to nurses. Isolated and adj rooms evacuated
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| what are specific precautions with int. radiation | time, distance, use of shielding 6ft away, 3 hrs limit visiting, 30 min. staff member
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