Physical Science - Chapter Fifteen (Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe)
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| Section One Telescopes Electromagnetic Radiation | Energy that can travel through space in the form of waves
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| Visible Light | A type of electromagnetic radiation, this is the light you can see with the naked eye
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| Wavelength | The distance between the crest of one wave and the crest of the next
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| Spectrum | A range of colors with different wavelengths
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| Optical Telescope | A telescope that uses lenses or mirrors to collect and focus visible light
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| Refracting Telescope | A telescope that uses a convex lens to gather and focus light
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| Convex Lens | A piece of transparent glass, curved so that the middle is thicker than the edges
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| Reflecting Telescope | A telescope that uses a curved mirror to gather and focus light
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| Radio Telescope, A telescope used to gather radio waves from objects in space |
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| Observatory, A building that contains more than one telescope |
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| Section 02; Characteristics of Stars - Constellation, A pattern of stars as viewed from Earth |
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| Spectograph,A device that breaks light into a spectrum |
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| Apparent Brightness, A star's brightness from Earth |
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| Absolute Brightness, A star's actual brightness |
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| Light-year, The distance light travels in a year |
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| Parallex, The apparent change in position of an object when looked at from a different stand-point |
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| Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram, A chart that graphs the star's absolute brightness against the star's surface temperature |
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| Main Sequence, A "class" of star, most stars belong in this group |
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| Section 03; Lives of Stars - Nebula, A large cloud of gas and dust in space |
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| Protostar, The earliest stage of a star's "life" |
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| Planetary Nebula, A glowing cloud of gas formed by a medium star |
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| White Dwarf, The core of a star left behind by a planetary nebula |
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| Supernova, The explosion a Supergiant causes when it runs out of energy |
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| Neutron Stars, The remains of high-mass stars |
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| Pulsars, Spinning neutron stars |
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| Black Hole, An object with incredibly strong gravity |
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| Section 04; Star Systems and Galaxies - Binary Stars, Star systems that have two stars |
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| Eclipsing Binary,A system in which one star periodically blocks the light of the other |
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| Open Clusters, Loose, disorganized cluster of stars |
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| Globular Clusters Large groupings of older stars |
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| Galaxy, A huge group of single stars, star systems, star clusters, dust and gas bound together by gravity |
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| Quasars, Young active galaxies with black holes in the middle of them |
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| Spiral Galaxies, Galaxies that are shaped like a pinwheel |
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| Elliptical Galaxies, Galaxies that are elliptically shaped |
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| Irregular Galaxies, Galaxies that do not have regular shapes |
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| Universe, All of space and everything in it |
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| Scientific Notation, Uses powers of ten to write very large or small numbers in an easy way |
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| Section 05; The Expanding Universe - Big Bang, Explosion that created the universe |
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| Hubble's Law, States that the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving |
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| Cosmic Background Radiation, Radiation left from the big bang |
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| Solar Nebula, Large cloud of gas and dust |
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| Planettesimals, The very first stage of planets |
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| Dark Matter, Matter that does not give off electromagnetic radiation |
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| Dark Energy, Energy that is causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate |
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