chabner medical terminology
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| abcess | collection of pus
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| acetone | ketone body produced in abnormal amounts in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, when ther eis excessive fat breakdown in cells
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| albuminuria | protein in the urine
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| antidiuretic hormone | pituitary gland hormone that normally stimulates the kidney to decrease production of urin, preventing excess loss of water. also called vasopressin
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| caliectasis | dilation of calyx (calix)
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| caliceal | Pertaining to a calyx.
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| cystitis | Inflammation of the urinary bladder
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| cystectomy | Removal of the urinary bladder
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| cystostomy | New opening of the bladder to the outside of the body
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| glomerular | Pertaining to a glomerulus.
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| meatal stenosis | Narrowing of the meatus (opening of the urethra to the outside of the body).
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| meatotomy | Incision of the meatus
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| paranephric | Pertaining to near the kidney.
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| nephropathy | Disease of the kidney.
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| nephrolithotomy | Incision to remove a kidney stone
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| nephrosclerosis | Hardening of the kidney (arterioles).
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| hydronephrosis | Condition of excess fluid (water) in the kidney
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| nephrostomy | New opening of the kidney to the outside of the body
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| pyelolithotomy | Incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone
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| pyelogram | Record (x-ray) of the renal pelvis
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| renal ischemia | Holding back of blood flow to the kidney
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| renal colic | Kidney pain resulting from a stone in the ureter or kidney.
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| trigonitis | Inflammation of the trigone (area in the bladder).
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| ureteroplasty | Surgical repair of a ureter
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| ureterolithotomy | Incision of a ureter to remove a stone
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| ureteroileostomy | New opening between a ureter and the ileum (for removal of urine after cystectomy).
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| urethritis | Inflammation of the urethra
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| urethroplasty | Surgical repair of the urethra.
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| urethral stricture | Narrowing of the urethra
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| perivesical | Pertaining to surrounding the bladder.
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| vesicoureteral reflux | Backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters.
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| albuminuria | Protein in the urine
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| azotemia | Nitrogen (increased amounts of nitrogenous wastes) in the blood.
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| bacteriuria | Bacteria in the urine
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| polydispia | Condition of increased thirst
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| ketosis | Abnormal condition of ketones in the blood and body tissues.
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| ketonuria | Ketone bodies (acids and acetone) in the urine.
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| nephrolithiasis | Abnormal condition of kidney stones.
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| nocturia | Excessive urination at night.
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| oliguria | Scanty urination.
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| erythropoietin | Hormone secreted by the kidney to increase red blood cell formation in the bone marrow.
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| pyuria | Pus in the urine.
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| lithotripsy | Process of crushing a stone in the urinary tract.
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| uremia | Urea (urine) in the blood; a potentially fatal condition
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| enuresis | Bedwetting (literally, “in urine”).
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| diuresis | Condition of complete (excessive) urination.
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| antidiuretic hormone | Secreted by the pituitary gland and helps to reabsorb water from the renal tubules back into the bloodstream
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| dysuria | Difficult, painful urination.
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| anuria | No urine is produced
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| hematuria | Blood in the urine.
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| glycosuria | Sugar in the urine
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| polyuria | Excessive urination.
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| arteriole | Small artery
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| azotemia | Excess of nitrogenous waste products in the blood; uremia.
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| bacteriuria | Bacteria in the urine.
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| bowman capsule | Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus (ball of capillaries) in the outer section (cortex) of the kidney.
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| caliceal | Pertaining to a calyx (cup-shaped collecting chamber in the central portion of the kidney).
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| calyx | Cup-shaped collecting region in the renal pelvis (central section of the kidney).
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| catheter | Tube for injecting or removing fluids
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| cortex | Outer region of an organ; renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney.
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| cortical | Pertaining to the cortex (outer region of an organ).
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| creatinine | Nitrogen-containing waste product of muscle metabolism; excreted by the kidney in urine.
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| creatinine clearance test | Measures the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney.
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| cystectomy | Excision (removal) of the urinary bladder.
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| cystitis | Inflammation of the urinary bladder.
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| cystoscopy | Visual (endoscopic) examination of the urinary bladder.
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| cystostomy | New opening of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
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| diabetes insipidus | Abnormal condition of inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland. Patients experience polyuria (excessive urination) and polydipsia (excessive thirst).
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| diabetes mellitus | Abnormal condition of no insulin or inadequate insulin secretion from the pancreas. This leads to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and glycosuria (sugar in the urine).
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| diuresis | Increased excretion of urine by the kidneys. A diuretic is an agent that increases diuresis, such as tea, coffee or water.
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| dysuria | Painful urination
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| electrolyte | Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Examples are sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-).
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| cali/o calic/o | calyx
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| glomerul/o | glomerulus
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| meat/o | meatus
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| nephr/o | kidney
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| peyl/o | renal pelvis
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| ren/o | kidney
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| trigon/o | trigone
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| ureter/o | ureter
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| urethr/o | urethra
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| vesic/o | urinary bladder
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| albumin/o | albumin
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| azot/o | nitrogen
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| bacteri/o | bacteria
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| dips/o | thirst
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| ket/o keton/o | ketones
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| lith/o | stones
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| noct/o | night
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| olig/o | scanty
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| -poietin | substance that forms
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| py/o | pus
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| -tripsy | to crush
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| ur/o | urine (urea)
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| urin/o | urine
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| -uria | urination; urine condition
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| ADH | antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
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| ARF | acute renal failure
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| bili | bilirubin
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| CAPD | continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
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| cath | catheter, catheterization
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| CCPD | continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis
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| CKD | chronic kidney disease
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| Cl- | Chloride
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| CRF | Chronic renal failure
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| C&S | culture and sensitivity testing (to determine antibiotic effectiveness against bacteria)
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| cysto | cystopic exam
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| ESRD | end stage renal disease
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| HCO3- | bicarbonate (an electrolyte)
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| HD | hemodialysis
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| IC | interstitial cystitis (chronic inflammation of the bladder wall, not caused by bacterial infection and not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy)
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| K+ | potassium
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| KUB | kidney, ureter, bladder
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| PD | peritoneal dialysis
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| pH | symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity
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| PKD | polycystic kidney disease
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| Name test for sugar in urine | glucose
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| Name test for level of bile pigment in urine | bilirubin
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| Name test for hematuria | color
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| Name test for albumin in urine | protein
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| Name test for structures in the shape of renal tubules in urine | sediment
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| Name test for chemical reaction of urine | pH
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| Name test for dilution or concentration of urine | specific gravity
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| Name test for acetones in urine | ketones
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| Name test for pus in urine | appearance
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| vesicoureteral reflux | backflow of urine from bladder to ureters
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| glomerulonephritis | inflammation of kidney glomerulus
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| interstitial nephritis | inflammation of the renal interstitium (connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules)
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| nephroliathiasis | kidney stones
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| nephrotic syndrome | a group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine
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| polycystic kidney disease (PKD) | multiple fluid filld sacs within and on kidney
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| pyelonephritis | inflammation of renal pelvis and renal medulla
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| renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma) | cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood
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| renal failure | failure of the kidney to excrete wastes and maintain its filtration function
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| renal hypertension | high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
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| wilms tumor | malignant tumor of the kidney occuring in childhood
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| diabetes mellitus | inadequate secretion or imporoper utilization of insulin
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| diabetes insipidus | inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the action of ADH
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