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chabner chapter 7
chabner medical terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abcess | collection of pus |
| acetone | ketone body produced in abnormal amounts in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, when ther eis excessive fat breakdown in cells |
| albuminuria | protein in the urine |
| antidiuretic hormone | pituitary gland hormone that normally stimulates the kidney to decrease production of urin, preventing excess loss of water. also called vasopressin |
| caliectasis | dilation of calyx (calix) |
| caliceal | Pertaining to a calyx. |
| cystitis | Inflammation of the urinary bladder |
| cystectomy | Removal of the urinary bladder |
| cystostomy | New opening of the bladder to the outside of the body |
| glomerular | Pertaining to a glomerulus. |
| meatal stenosis | Narrowing of the meatus (opening of the urethra to the outside of the body). |
| meatotomy | Incision of the meatus |
| paranephric | Pertaining to near the kidney. |
| nephropathy | Disease of the kidney. |
| nephrolithotomy | Incision to remove a kidney stone |
| nephrosclerosis | Hardening of the kidney (arterioles). |
| hydronephrosis | Condition of excess fluid (water) in the kidney |
| nephrostomy | New opening of the kidney to the outside of the body |
| pyelolithotomy | Incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone |
| pyelogram | Record (x-ray) of the renal pelvis |
| renal ischemia | Holding back of blood flow to the kidney |
| renal colic | Kidney pain resulting from a stone in the ureter or kidney. |
| trigonitis | Inflammation of the trigone (area in the bladder). |
| ureteroplasty | Surgical repair of a ureter |
| ureterolithotomy | Incision of a ureter to remove a stone |
| ureteroileostomy | New opening between a ureter and the ileum (for removal of urine after cystectomy). |
| urethritis | Inflammation of the urethra |
| urethroplasty | Surgical repair of the urethra. |
| urethral stricture | Narrowing of the urethra |
| perivesical | Pertaining to surrounding the bladder. |
| vesicoureteral reflux | Backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters. |
| albuminuria | Protein in the urine |
| azotemia | Nitrogen (increased amounts of nitrogenous wastes) in the blood. |
| bacteriuria | Bacteria in the urine |
| polydispia | Condition of increased thirst |
| ketosis | Abnormal condition of ketones in the blood and body tissues. |
| ketonuria | Ketone bodies (acids and acetone) in the urine. |
| nephrolithiasis | Abnormal condition of kidney stones. |
| nocturia | Excessive urination at night. |
| oliguria | Scanty urination. |
| erythropoietin | Hormone secreted by the kidney to increase red blood cell formation in the bone marrow. |
| pyuria | Pus in the urine. |
| lithotripsy | Process of crushing a stone in the urinary tract. |
| uremia | Urea (urine) in the blood; a potentially fatal condition |
| enuresis | Bedwetting (literally, “in urine”). |
| diuresis | Condition of complete (excessive) urination. |
| antidiuretic hormone | Secreted by the pituitary gland and helps to reabsorb water from the renal tubules back into the bloodstream |
| dysuria | Difficult, painful urination. |
| anuria | No urine is produced |
| hematuria | Blood in the urine. |
| glycosuria | Sugar in the urine |
| polyuria | Excessive urination. |
| arteriole | Small artery |
| azotemia | Excess of nitrogenous waste products in the blood; uremia. |
| bacteriuria | Bacteria in the urine. |
| bowman capsule | Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus (ball of capillaries) in the outer section (cortex) of the kidney. |
| caliceal | Pertaining to a calyx (cup-shaped collecting chamber in the central portion of the kidney). |
| calyx | Cup-shaped collecting region in the renal pelvis (central section of the kidney). |
| catheter | Tube for injecting or removing fluids |
| cortex | Outer region of an organ; renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney. |
| cortical | Pertaining to the cortex (outer region of an organ). |
| creatinine | Nitrogen-containing waste product of muscle metabolism; excreted by the kidney in urine. |
| creatinine clearance test | Measures the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney. |
| cystectomy | Excision (removal) of the urinary bladder. |
| cystitis | Inflammation of the urinary bladder. |
| cystoscopy | Visual (endoscopic) examination of the urinary bladder. |
| cystostomy | New opening of the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. |
| diabetes insipidus | Abnormal condition of inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland. Patients experience polyuria (excessive urination) and polydipsia (excessive thirst). |
| diabetes mellitus | Abnormal condition of no insulin or inadequate insulin secretion from the pancreas. This leads to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and glycosuria (sugar in the urine). |
| diuresis | Increased excretion of urine by the kidneys. A diuretic is an agent that increases diuresis, such as tea, coffee or water. |
| dysuria | Painful urination |
| electrolyte | Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Examples are sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-). |
| cali/o calic/o | calyx |
| glomerul/o | glomerulus |
| meat/o | meatus |
| nephr/o | kidney |
| peyl/o | renal pelvis |
| ren/o | kidney |
| trigon/o | trigone |
| ureter/o | ureter |
| urethr/o | urethra |
| vesic/o | urinary bladder |
| albumin/o | albumin |
| azot/o | nitrogen |
| bacteri/o | bacteria |
| dips/o | thirst |
| ket/o keton/o | ketones |
| lith/o | stones |
| noct/o | night |
| olig/o | scanty |
| -poietin | substance that forms |
| py/o | pus |
| -tripsy | to crush |
| ur/o | urine (urea) |
| urin/o | urine |
| -uria | urination; urine condition |
| ADH | antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) |
| ARF | acute renal failure |
| bili | bilirubin |
| CAPD | continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis |
| cath | catheter, catheterization |
| CCPD | continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis |
| CKD | chronic kidney disease |
| Cl- | Chloride |
| CRF | Chronic renal failure |
| C&S | culture and sensitivity testing (to determine antibiotic effectiveness against bacteria) |
| cysto | cystopic exam |
| ESRD | end stage renal disease |
| HCO3- | bicarbonate (an electrolyte) |
| HD | hemodialysis |
| IC | interstitial cystitis (chronic inflammation of the bladder wall, not caused by bacterial infection and not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy) |
| K+ | potassium |
| KUB | kidney, ureter, bladder |
| PD | peritoneal dialysis |
| pH | symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity |
| PKD | polycystic kidney disease |
| Name test for sugar in urine | glucose |
| Name test for level of bile pigment in urine | bilirubin |
| Name test for hematuria | color |
| Name test for albumin in urine | protein |
| Name test for structures in the shape of renal tubules in urine | sediment |
| Name test for chemical reaction of urine | pH |
| Name test for dilution or concentration of urine | specific gravity |
| Name test for acetones in urine | ketones |
| Name test for pus in urine | appearance |
| vesicoureteral reflux | backflow of urine from bladder to ureters |
| glomerulonephritis | inflammation of kidney glomerulus |
| interstitial nephritis | inflammation of the renal interstitium (connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules) |
| nephroliathiasis | kidney stones |
| nephrotic syndrome | a group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine |
| polycystic kidney disease (PKD) | multiple fluid filld sacs within and on kidney |
| pyelonephritis | inflammation of renal pelvis and renal medulla |
| renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma) | cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood |
| renal failure | failure of the kidney to excrete wastes and maintain its filtration function |
| renal hypertension | high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease |
| wilms tumor | malignant tumor of the kidney occuring in childhood |
| diabetes mellitus | inadequate secretion or imporoper utilization of insulin |
| diabetes insipidus | inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the action of ADH |
Created by:
momswann