Chs: 8, 9, 13-16
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrients important during pregnancy | calcium, protein, iron, B-complex vitamins, vitamin C, magnesium
🗑
|
||||
| Birth preference plan | writing down preferences; prospective parents can identify aspects of the childbearing experience that are most important to them
🗑
|
||||
| Doula | specialized childbirth support person; caters to mother; cannot facilitate birth, may assist in breathing techniques
🗑
|
||||
| Prenatal education | provide important opportunities to share information about pregnancy and childbirth and to enhance the parents' decision-making skills
🗑
|
||||
| Early prenatal classes (First trimester) | early gestational changes, self-care, fetal development, environmental dangers, sexuality, birth settings and types of HCPs, nutrition, rest, or exercise suggestions, relief measures, psychologic changes, danger signs, feeding choices/breastfeeding
🗑
|
||||
| Later prenatal classes (Second and Third trimester) | prep for birth, post self-care, birth choices, relaxation techniques, breathing techniques, alt. therapies, infant stimulation/massage, safety issues (car seats, sleeping position, etc), sibling prep
🗑
|
||||
| Adolescent Preparation classes | how to be a good parent, newborn care, health dangers, weight gain issues and nutrition, how to recognize that baby is ill, baby care (physical and emotional), sexuality, peer relationships
🗑
|
||||
| Breastfeeding programs | advantages/disadvantages of breastfeeding, maternal nutrition, techniques, methods of storage, involvement of fathers, returning to work, cultural considerations
🗑
|
||||
| Abdominal effleurage | a light stroking movement made over the abdominal wall with the fingertips; provides TACTILE stimulation to fetus
🗑
|
||||
| La Leche League | nonprofit organization that promotes breastfeeding
🗑
|
||||
| Pelvic-tilt exercises | rocking in a rocking chair or actually exercising; provides VESTIBULAR stimulation to fetus
🗑
|
||||
| Auditory stimulation | speaking to fetus; causes heart rate accelerations and a motor response
🗑
|
||||
| Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) | supply information about vaginal births; parents should prepare 2 birth plans in the event of c-section again;
🗑
|
||||
| Bradley method | "best, safest, and most rewarding birth experience possible"; goals: natural, active participation of husband as coach, excellent nutrition, breastfeeding; work in harmony c body using abdominopelvic breathing; relaxation
🗑
|
||||
| Lamaze method | "childbirth education empowers..."; goals: normal, natural, healthy birth, experience profoundly affects, inner wisdom guides thru birth, women have right to no meds; disassociation, muscular relaxation, breathing patterns, positioning
🗑
|
||||
| Kitzinger method | "information to make decisions; home birth for those not at risk"; sensory memory to help prepare body; chest breathing & ab relaxation, Stanislavsky method for relaxation
🗑
|
||||
| Hypnobirthing method | "eliminate fear; stress-free, calm, and gentle environment"; mind and body relaxed, endorphins are body's natural anesthesia; deep, slow breathing, relaxation, breathing baby down, comfort and eliminate pain
🗑
|
||||
| Changes: uterus | increased amounts of estrogen and progesterone; enlargement in size; increase in weight, strength, elasticity, and vascularity
🗑
|
||||
| Changes: cervix | increased estrogen levels; hyperplasia; formation of mucous plug - prevents organisms from entering; discharge may increase - thick and sticky
🗑
|
||||
| Goodell's sign | softening of cervix
🗑
|
||||
| Chadwick's sign | bluish discoloration of cervix
🗑
|
||||
| Braxton Hicks contractions | irregular, generally painless contractions of the uterus; occurs intermittently throughout pregnancy; may be felt around the 4th month
🗑
|
||||
| Changes: vagina | increased estrogen levels; increased thickness of mucosa; increased secretions to prevent infections; connective tissue relaxes; pH becomes more acidic; increased blood flow - darker pigmentation
🗑
|
||||
| Changes: breasts | increased estrogen and progesterone levels; increased in size and number of mammary glands; nipples more erectile and areolas darken; colostrum produced during 3rd trimester - rich in antibodies and nutrients; superficial veins more visible; stretch marks
🗑
|
||||
| Montgomery's tubercles | sebaceous glands on breasts; enlarge during pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| Changes: respiratory system | increasing levels of progesterone causes: increased volume of air, decreased airway resistance, increased anteroposterior diameter, thoracic breathing occurs as uterus enlarges; some hyperventilation may occur; nose bleeds and stuffy nose
🗑
|
||||
| "lightening" | baby "drops" into pelvic area allowing for easier breathing
🗑
|
||||
| Changes: cardiovascular system | increased levels of estrogen and progesterone; cardiac output and blood volume increases; swelling in lower extremities (edema); increased levels of RBC (40-50%), increase O2; clotting factors increase; pulse incre by 10-15 BPM
🗑
|
||||
| Changes: GI system | rising levels of progesterone cause: delayed gastric emptying and peristalsis (consti, naus, vomit); change in carb metabolism; may bleed from gums easier; smooth muscle relaxation
🗑
|
||||
| Changes: GU system | increased blood volume; glomerular filtration rate increases; urinary frequency in 1st/3rd trimester; renal tubular reabsorption increases;
🗑
|
||||
| Changes: skin and hair | increased skin pigmentation caused by increased estrogen and progesterone; areola, vulva, and linea nigra; "mask of pregnancy" on face - should fade post; vascular spider nevae; increased nail strength
🗑
|
||||
| Changes: musculoskeletal | relaxation of joints caused by increased estrogen and progesterone; no changes to teeth - bleeding gums; waddling gait, center of gravity changes, lordosis, lower back pain, separation of muscle in abdomen
🗑
|
||||
| Changes: CNS | decreased attention, concentration, and memory at tail end of pregnancy and early post; headaches - BAD
🗑
|
||||
| Changes: metabolism and weight gain | increased during pregnancy; baby takes what it needs, left overs to mom; average = 25-35 lbs, overweight = 15 lbs, underweight = up to 40 lbs
🗑
|
||||
| Changes: endocrine system | thyroid: enlarges, inc serum protein, inc bound iodine, Basal M rate inc; pituitary: makes preg possible, maintains, prolactin; adrenals: cortisol reg carb/protein metabolism; pancreas: inc insulin needs
🗑
|
||||
| Supine hypotensive syndrome | enlarging uterus may also press on the aorta and its collateral circulation; AKA - vena caval syndrome or aortocaval compression; have woman lie on side or pillow under right hip
🗑
|
||||
| cholasma (melasma gravidarum) | "mask of pregnancy"
🗑
|
||||
| diastasis recti | pressure on enlarging uterus on the abdominal muscles may cause the rectus abdominis muscle to separate
🗑
|
||||
| Water retention is caused by... | increased level of steroid sex hormones; affects sodium and fluid
🗑
|
||||
| Human chorionic gonadotropin | stimulates progesterone and estrogen production by the corpus luteum to maintain pregnancy until placenta takes over
🗑
|
||||
| Human placental lactogen | antagonist of insulin; decreases fetal metabolism of glucose
🗑
|
||||
| Estrogen | produced primarily by the placenta as early as the 7th week; stimulate uterine development; helps develop ductal system of the breasts in prep for lactation
🗑
|
||||
| Progesterone | greatest role in maintaining pregnancy; inhibits spontaneous uterine contractility; helps prep for lactation
🗑
|
||||
| Relaxin | inhibits uterine activity, diminishes strength of uterine contractions, aids in the softening of cervix, long-term effects of remodeling connective tissue
🗑
|
||||
| Hegar's sign | softening of the isthmus of the uterus; area between the cervix and the body of the uterus
🗑
|
||||
| McDonald's sign: | ease in flexing the body of the uterus against the cervix
🗑
|
||||
| Ballottement | passive fetal movement elicited when the examiner inserts two gloved fingers into the vagina and pushes against the cervix
🗑
|
||||
| Rubin's Four Tasks | ensuring safe passage thru pregnancy, labor and birth; seeking acceptance of child by others; seeking commitment and acceptance of herself; learning to give oneself on behalf of child
🗑
|
||||
| Early adolescence pregnancy | age 14 and under; still sees authority in his/her parents; gains independence by spending more time c friends; egocentric and concrete thinker; minimal ability to see future or consequences of actions
🗑
|
||||
| Middle adolescence pregnancy | ages 15-17 years; time for challenging and experimenting; begin to move from concrete to formal operational thought; still struggles with consequences
🗑
|
||||
| Late adolescence pregnancy | ages 18-19 years; more at ease c individuality and decision-making ability; think abstractly and anticipate consequences; formal operational thought; accept consequences
🗑
|
||||
| Nursing care for the pregnant adolescent | provide info: regular prenatal visits, signs of complications, STIs, substance abuse
🗑
|
||||
| Ultrasound | early identification of preg (week 5-6);fetal heartbeat (11 wks);ID of multiples;measure head to assess growth;estimation of birth weight;fetal/facial abnormalities;location of placenta and grading;fetal death;position
🗑
|
||||
| Nuchal translucency testing (NTT) | 11-13 weeks gestation; screening for trisomies 13,18,21; looks at clear area on back of neck and measures diameter
🗑
|
||||
| Umbilical velocimetry | noninvasive ultrasound test; measures blood flow changes that occur in maternal and fetal circulation in order to assess placental function
🗑
|
||||
| Nonstress test (NST) | evaluates fetal status; based on the knowledge that when the fetus has adequate oxygenation and an intact CNS, there are accelerations of the fetal heart rate with fetal movement
🗑
|
||||
| Biophysical profile (BPP) | fetal breathing and movement; fetal movements of body or limbs; fetal tone (extension and flexion of extremities); amniotic fluid volume; reactive FHR with activity; combines ultrasound c NST
🗑
|
||||
| Contraction stress test (CST) | means of evaluating the respiratory function of the placenta; contraindicated in 3rd trimester bleeding, and many others; contractions must be present; do not overstimulate; negative is normal; positive means the fetus may not be able to handle labor
🗑
|
||||
| Amniocentesis | procedure used to obtain amniotic fluid for genetic testing for abnormalities or fetal lung maturity in 3rd trimester; early or 15-16 wk; 22 gauge needle to take 15-20 mL
🗑
|
||||
| Quadruple screen | used to screen for Down syndrome (trisomy 21), trisomy 18, and neural tube defects; amniocentesis required
🗑
|
||||
| Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) | obtain a small sample of chorionic villi from the developing placenta; 1st trimester; diagnosis of genetic, metabolic, and DNA studies; 10-12 weeks; cannot detect neural tube defects; higher risk of fetal loss
🗑
|
||||
| Alcohol | CNS depressant and potent teratogen; 3-8 weeks is crucial time - alcohol does most damage; fetal alcohol spectrum disorders - physical and psychological deformities; excreted in breast milk - "pump and dump"
🗑
|
||||
| Drug abuse (cocaine/crack and marijuana) | cocaine and crack: maternal hypotension, small head and shorter babies, dilated pupils, crosses into milk; marijuana: no evidence of teratogenic effects, withdrawal
🗑
|
||||
| Drug abuse (Ecstasy and Heroin) | Ecstasy: little is known, may cause death; heroin: malnutrition, intrauterine growth restriction, inc risk of HIV, hypoxia, shrill cry, withdrawal occurs within 72 hrs, given valium and methodone
🗑
|
||||
| Methadone | given to mothers who are suffering from withdrawal from heroin; crosses placenta; blocks symptoms of withdrawal; low incidence of tolerance
🗑
|
||||
| Diabetes mellius during pregnancy | endocrine disorder; maternal risks - hydraminos, pre/eclampsia, ketoacidosis, infections; fetal risks - macrosomia, IUGR, resp distress syn, polycythemia, jaundice; CONTROL!
🗑
|
||||
| Anemia | hemoglobin of less then 11 g/dL in the 1st trimester, 10.5 g/dL in 2nd, 11 g/dL in 3rd; fatigue, pallor; low birth weight, premature, stillbirth; iron, folic, sickle, thalassemia
🗑
|
||||
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection | can pass HIV to baby - transplacental, breastmilk, or vaginally; three-part ZDV prophylaxis regimen; c-section and no breastfeeding
🗑
|
||||
| Heart disease during pregnancy | decreased cardiac reserve and diminished capacity to handle pregnancy workload; rheumatic fever - untreated group A beta-hemolytic strep infections; mitral valve prolapse -usually tolerate well; peripartum cardiomyopathy-not well
🗑
|
||||
| Hepatitis B during pregnancy | does not affect course of pregnancy but can be transmitted; routine vaccinations of all infants at birth
🗑
|
||||
| Thyroid medications during pregnancy | breastfeeding is contraindicated; not medicated - fetal loss is great
🗑
|
||||
| Maternal phenylketonuria (PKU or hyperphenylalaninemia) | low phenylalanine diet is mandatory at conception and during pregnancy; fetal levels are generally 50% higher than mother; can cause mental retardation, microcephaly, heart defects, IUGR
🗑
|
||||
| Multiple sclerosis during pregnancy | in remission - okay; rest is important; labor may be almost painless; voluntary pushing may be hindered; genetic predisposition
🗑
|
||||
| Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) | remission, okay; plan pregnancy because meds are teratogenic; prenal visits and testing are more frequent; prognosis of infant varies, may need pacemaker
🗑
|
||||
| Tuberculosis (TB) | supplemental B6 vitmains; extra rest and limited contact with others; if maternal TB is inactive, breastfeed; newborn cannot have contact until mother is healthy
🗑
|
||||
| Abortion (or miscarriage) | expulsion of the fetus prior to viability; spontaneous - occurring naturally, induced - result of a medical or surgical means; pelvic cramping and backache
🗑
|
||||
| Ectopic pregnancy | implantation of the fertilized ovum in a site other than the endometrial lining of the uterus; cannot growth and thrive; may cause infertility
🗑
|
||||
| Hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy) | disease in which abnormal development of placenta occurs, resulting in hydropic vesicles (fluid-filled, grapelike cluster) and the trophoblastic tissue proliferates; loss of pregnancy; complete-empty egg, can lead to cancer; partial-69 chromosomes, miscar
🗑
|
||||
| Incompetent cervix | premature dilation of the cervix in 4th or 5th month; purse string suture of cervix and planned c-section
🗑
|
||||
| Hyperemesis gravidarum | excessive vomiting during pregnancy; woman vomits everything she eats and retches between meals; dehydration may occur, metabolic acidosis, low potassium
🗑
|
||||
| Preeclampsia | most common hypertensive disorder; increase in blood pressure after 20 weeks gestation accompanied by proteinuria; mild or severe; eclampsia - most severe form; generalized seizures or coma can develop; only cure is birth and removal of baby and placenta
🗑
|
||||
| HELLP syndrome | hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count; sometimes associated with severe preeclampsia;
🗑
|
||||
| Pre/eclampsia (maternal risks) | CNS changes: hyperreflexa, headache, and seizures; increased risk for: thrombocytopenia, renal failure, abrupto placentae, DIC, ruptured liver, and pulmonary embolism
🗑
|
||||
| Rh alloimmunization | fetus is incompatible with the Rh of the mother; if Rh negative woman carries an Rh positive baby; the mother's body begins attacking fetus; RhoGAM is given to prevent the attack
🗑
|
||||
| Surgery during pregnancy | early second trimester is the best time; place a wedge under hip during and after surgery; catheter and NG tube placed; endotracheal tube required during surgery
🗑
|
||||
| Trauma during pregnancy | save mom - saves baby; turn on left side, oxygen, IV fluids, control bleeding, ABCs; fetal monitoring for at least 4 hours; fetus born after 5 minutes of maternal death is okay
🗑
|
||||
| Abused pregnant woman | if violence in a relationship is to occur, more likely during pregnancy; may result in loss of pregnancy, preterm labor, low birth weight, c-section; delay in starting prenatal care and higher rates of complications; safe environment
🗑
|
||||
| Rubella during pregnancy | AKA German Measles; period of greatest risk is 1st trimester; congenital cataracts, sensorineural deafness, congenital heart defects; isolated at birth (elevated IgM titer); prevention!; abortion
🗑
|
||||
| Placenta previa | placenta's position is slightly turned; may cover cervical os partially, completely or just near the os
🗑
|
||||
| Abrupto placentae | the placenta separates from the uterine wall
🗑
|
||||
| Magnesium sulfate | anticonvulsant; given during preeclampsia and eclampsia to avoid seizures; given as a bolus
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
jodybreeze2013
Popular Nursing sets