Pharmacology of Alzheimer's disease
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| What is the etiology of Alzheimer's Disease? | ACh is down (90% by the time symptoms occur)
Neurofibrillary Tangles
Neuritic Plaques
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| what is an early symptom of Alzheimer's DIsease? | Impaired Judgement
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| What is the action of Cholinesterase inhibitors? | These AD drugs inhibit the breakdown of ACh which leads to increased levels of ACh
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| name 4 Cholinesterase inhibitors | Tacrine
DOnepezil
galantamine
rivastigmine
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| which of the cholinesterase inhibitors are very risky to the liver? | Tacrine
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| What tests monitor liver function? | AST
ALT
Albumin
Partial protein
Total protein
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| What are the adverse effects of Cholinesterase inhibitors? | n/v/d
dyspepsia
dizziness
headache
bronchoconstriction
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| who should be cautioned when using cholinesterase inhibitors? | people with Asthma/COPD because an adverse effect can be bronchoconstriction
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| what is dyspepsia? | metallic taste in mouth
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| What type of drug is Tacrine? | Cholinesterase inhibitor
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| what is the mechanism of action for Tacrine? | reversable inhibition of the enzyme that breaks down ACh
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| what route is tacrine admninistered? | orally
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| what is a downfall of tacrine? | it must be administered q6h which is difficult for people to comply to, especially patients suffering from Alzheimer's Disease
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| What is Donepezil? | A Cholinesterase inhibitor
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| what is the advantage of Donepezil? | it has a longer half life (doesn't have to be administered as often)
No risk to liver
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| what is the mechanism of action of donepezil? | same as tacrine
reversable inhibition of the enzyme that breaks down ACh
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| what is the major side effects of donepezil? | n/v/d
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| What is memantine? | an NMDA receptor antagonist
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| what is the mechanism of action of memantine? | prevents excess calcium influx.
calcium in high amounts intracellularly can impair memory and learning
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| metabolism and excretion of memantine: | not metabolized
excreted in urine
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| How does estrogen help in AD? | it doesn't
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| what are the effects of NSAIDS on AD? | decreases incidence by 80%
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| Fact: Gingko Bilopa helps AD | true
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