K-9 Fel
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| The main excretion organ is the __ | Kidneys
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| Functions of the kidneys are: | Filtration, absorption, secretion
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| The urinary system is considered a __ system | Sterile
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| What does FLUTD stand for? | feline lower urinary tract dz
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| FLUTD is also known as ___ and ___ , | FUS and Feline idiopathic Interstitial cystitis
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| __ is inflammation of the urinary tract/bladder and is common in __ between _ yrs old | *FLUTD *males *2-6yrs
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| Define:Periuria | Urinating in different places
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| Flutd is ___ and__% Resolve in __ days. Recurrence is ___ | *Idiopathic *85% *7-10 *common
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| Cloudy urine with excessive licking is typically seen in ____ | canine bacterial cystitis
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| ___ and ___ are the most common bacteria seen in UTI’s | E-coli and Proteus spp
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| ___ is used for ___ days and is the most common AB used to treat UTI’s | *Clavamox *10-14 days
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| ___ and __ are urinary dz’s that are fatal if not treated | Feline urolith obstruction and urethral plug
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| ___ are the most common urethral obstructions in felines | Uroliths
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| Distended bladder and excessive crying are signs of: | Feline urethral obstruction
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| __ contain small amounts minerals and lrg amounts matrix | Urethral plug
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| __ contain large amount of mineral and small amount of matrix | Uroliths
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| Referring to x-rays: Ca oxalate, struvites, and urates are all ___ | radiopaque (light)’
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| A diet low in __ can help dissolve struvites | PH (Magnesium)
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| __% of stones seen in blocked Toms are ___ | *60% *struvites
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| ___ system catheters are use in blocked Toms | Closed
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| 3 most common dog uroliths: | Struvites, Ca oxalate, Urates
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| __ change and __ are the corrective measure needed to treat dogs with uroliths | *Diet change *sx
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| __ crystals are found in___ and __% of female dogs and cats due to an __ph | *`Struvite *schn/cats 80% *ph (alkaline)
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| __ crystal are very common ___ and 30-50% are found in ___ | *Ca oxalate *Min Schn *males
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| ___ (Urates) are common in dalmations and are from increased ___ and ___ | Uric acid crystals *PH /uric acid
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| __% of cardiac output is filtered the the kidneys | 20%
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| Reabsorption takes place in the ___ | renal tubules
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| Filtering takes place in the renal___ | corpuscal
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| Pre renal: | Dehydration, vomiting/diarrhea
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| Post renal: | Blockage/backup of urine
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| Renal azotemia: | Acute renal failure/kidney damage
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| 3 phases of acute renal failure: | Induction, maintance, recovery
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| Intial insult, decreased renal function: | Induction
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| Time during renal tubule damage occurs- wks-months : | maintance
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| Time in which function improves: | Recovery
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| Early CS PU/PD (cushinginoids, UTI, DM): | Renal reserve
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| Up to 60% of nephron loss PU/PD Increased thirst: | Renal Insufficiency
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| Azotemia, 75% loss of nephrons : | Renal failure
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| Uremic breath, dehydration and need for SQ fluids: | advanced renal failure
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| __ and are nephrotoxic drugs | “Mycine “
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| __ is a Bacterial causes of kidney dz that reduces bld flow thru the kidneys : | Pyelonephritis
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| Kidneys are located: | behind the 13th rib
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| Acute renal failure will have___ and a __PVC, __BUN/CREAT__CA __Phos | *acidosis *inc *inc *inc *inc
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| Chronic renal failure will have a __ with a__PCV __in potassium (K) and __in Phos | *dec *anemia *dec *Inc
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| Loss of urinary control: | Incontinence
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| Incontinence can be caused by ___ and ___ | hormonal change and Sphincter tone
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| Endocrine imbalance after spay can cause : | hormonal incontinence
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| Urinary incontinence is treated with ___ and ____ | Diethylstiestrol and Phenylpropanolamide (prion)
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| Inflammation of the tissue that line the inner surface of the eyelid: | Conjunctivitis
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| Conjunctivitis can be caused by ___ or ___ | Bacterial or injury
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| __ or ___ can be used to treat conjunctivitis | Triple AB ointment and cortison
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| ___ is the most common virus that cause BILATERAL conjunctivitis in felines | Feline herpes virus
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| Normal Schimer tear test in dogs___ and normal in cats is | *15-25 *11-23
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| Def: Epiphoria | tearing
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| 2 causes of Epiphoria are: | Overproduction or faulty drainage (defect)
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| __ is when the eyelids roll inward ____Sx is proformed to repair: | *entropion * Lateral canthoplasty
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| Def: Chemosis | Swelling of the conjunctiva
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| ___ is when the eyelids roll outward and is a ___ condition | Ectropion *congenital
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| Hyper trophy / prolapse of the 3rd eyelid is know as _____ | cherry eye
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| Hypertrophy is common in dogs __ yrs and requires __ for repair | <2 yrs *sx
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| The 3rd eyelid produces __% of tear | 30%
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| Increased intraocular pressure: | Glaucoma
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| Glaucoma is a ___ or ___condition that is considered an ____ if >30mm/hg | hereditary or secondary *emergency
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| Normal intraocular pressure is | 12-22 mm /hg
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| Treatment for glaucoma : | Latanoprost / dichlorphenamide
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| Latanoprost (Xalatan): | facilitates flow of ocular fluid
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| Dichlorphenamide(Daranide): | Decrease production of ocular fluid
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| ____ is secondary to glaucoma, a common complication: Inflammation of ciliary, iris, choroid: | Uvitis
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| Ulcerative Keratitis are diagnosed using ___ and usually heal within ___ | Flourenscein dye test *Days
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| ___ and ___ can be used to treat ulcers | Autologous(serum for pet) broad spectrum AB’s
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| Autologous: | serum from patient used to treat corneal ulcers, good for 72 hrs
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| Deep ulcers are known as ____ and have membrane erosion | Desmetocelele
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| Opaque, pink or milky lesions w/vascularization is ___ also known as Pannus : | Keratitis
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| Keratitis is treated with life long ___ or ____ and is seen in increased ___ | *corticosteriods or cyclosporine(opptimmune ) *increased altitudes
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| Kerato conjunctivitis sicca (KCS) Is also known as ___and is a lack of ____ | *Dry eye *tear production
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| Dry eye causes recurrent ____ and ___ if left untreated. ___ and ___ are the meds of choice | *CONJUNCTIVITIS *BLINDNESS * artificial tears and cyclosporine(opptimmune)
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| Reduce lens opacity: | Cataracts
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| Cararacts are ___ or secondary to ____ | Genetic or DM
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| ___ is normal graying of the lens due to age and must be distinguished from cataracts | Senile nuclear sclerosis
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| Inherited dz cause a loss of cones, rods, bld supply: | PRA-Progressive retinol atrophy
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| Metabolic disorder that causes cataracts: | diabetes mellitus
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| __ are for vision in the light and __ are for vision in the dark | *Rods *cones
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| CS of PRA are night blindness, blindness,___ and a decrease in the ____ | *Cataracts *optic nerve
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| ___ is associated with taurine def in cats | PRA
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| Dilated pupils: | Medrosis
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| Constricted pupils: | Miosis
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