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ocular/urinary
K-9 Fel
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The main excretion organ is the __ | Kidneys |
| Functions of the kidneys are: | Filtration, absorption, secretion |
| The urinary system is considered a __ system | Sterile |
| What does FLUTD stand for? | feline lower urinary tract dz |
| FLUTD is also known as ___ and ___ , | FUS and Feline idiopathic Interstitial cystitis |
| __ is inflammation of the urinary tract/bladder and is common in __ between _ yrs old | *FLUTD *males *2-6yrs |
| Define:Periuria | Urinating in different places |
| Flutd is ___ and__% Resolve in __ days. Recurrence is ___ | *Idiopathic *85% *7-10 *common |
| Cloudy urine with excessive licking is typically seen in ____ | canine bacterial cystitis |
| ___ and ___ are the most common bacteria seen in UTI’s | E-coli and Proteus spp |
| ___ is used for ___ days and is the most common AB used to treat UTI’s | *Clavamox *10-14 days |
| ___ and __ are urinary dz’s that are fatal if not treated | Feline urolith obstruction and urethral plug |
| ___ are the most common urethral obstructions in felines | Uroliths |
| Distended bladder and excessive crying are signs of: | Feline urethral obstruction |
| __ contain small amounts minerals and lrg amounts matrix | Urethral plug |
| __ contain large amount of mineral and small amount of matrix | Uroliths |
| Referring to x-rays: Ca oxalate, struvites, and urates are all ___ | radiopaque (light)’ |
| A diet low in __ can help dissolve struvites | PH (Magnesium) |
| __% of stones seen in blocked Toms are ___ | *60% *struvites |
| ___ system catheters are use in blocked Toms | Closed |
| 3 most common dog uroliths: | Struvites, Ca oxalate, Urates |
| __ change and __ are the corrective measure needed to treat dogs with uroliths | *Diet change *sx |
| __ crystals are found in___ and __% of female dogs and cats due to an __ph | *`Struvite *schn/cats 80% *ph (alkaline) |
| __ crystal are very common ___ and 30-50% are found in ___ | *Ca oxalate *Min Schn *males |
| ___ (Urates) are common in dalmations and are from increased ___ and ___ | Uric acid crystals *PH /uric acid |
| __% of cardiac output is filtered the the kidneys | 20% |
| Reabsorption takes place in the ___ | renal tubules |
| Filtering takes place in the renal___ | corpuscal |
| Pre renal: | Dehydration, vomiting/diarrhea |
| Post renal: | Blockage/backup of urine |
| Renal azotemia: | Acute renal failure/kidney damage |
| 3 phases of acute renal failure: | Induction, maintance, recovery |
| Intial insult, decreased renal function: | Induction |
| Time during renal tubule damage occurs- wks-months : | maintance |
| Time in which function improves: | Recovery |
| Early CS PU/PD (cushinginoids, UTI, DM): | Renal reserve |
| Up to 60% of nephron loss PU/PD Increased thirst: | Renal Insufficiency |
| Azotemia, 75% loss of nephrons : | Renal failure |
| Uremic breath, dehydration and need for SQ fluids: | advanced renal failure |
| __ and are nephrotoxic drugs | “Mycine “ |
| __ is a Bacterial causes of kidney dz that reduces bld flow thru the kidneys : | Pyelonephritis |
| Kidneys are located: | behind the 13th rib |
| Acute renal failure will have___ and a __PVC, __BUN/CREAT__CA __Phos | *acidosis *inc *inc *inc *inc |
| Chronic renal failure will have a __ with a__PCV __in potassium (K) and __in Phos | *dec *anemia *dec *Inc |
| Loss of urinary control: | Incontinence |
| Incontinence can be caused by ___ and ___ | hormonal change and Sphincter tone |
| Endocrine imbalance after spay can cause : | hormonal incontinence |
| Urinary incontinence is treated with ___ and ____ | Diethylstiestrol and Phenylpropanolamide (prion) |
| Inflammation of the tissue that line the inner surface of the eyelid: | Conjunctivitis |
| Conjunctivitis can be caused by ___ or ___ | Bacterial or injury |
| __ or ___ can be used to treat conjunctivitis | Triple AB ointment and cortison |
| ___ is the most common virus that cause BILATERAL conjunctivitis in felines | Feline herpes virus |
| Normal Schimer tear test in dogs___ and normal in cats is | *15-25 *11-23 |
| Def: Epiphoria | tearing |
| 2 causes of Epiphoria are: | Overproduction or faulty drainage (defect) |
| __ is when the eyelids roll inward ____Sx is proformed to repair: | *entropion * Lateral canthoplasty |
| Def: Chemosis | Swelling of the conjunctiva |
| ___ is when the eyelids roll outward and is a ___ condition | Ectropion *congenital |
| Hyper trophy / prolapse of the 3rd eyelid is know as _____ | cherry eye |
| Hypertrophy is common in dogs __ yrs and requires __ for repair | <2 yrs *sx |
| The 3rd eyelid produces __% of tear | 30% |
| Increased intraocular pressure: | Glaucoma |
| Glaucoma is a ___ or ___condition that is considered an ____ if >30mm/hg | hereditary or secondary *emergency |
| Normal intraocular pressure is | 12-22 mm /hg |
| Treatment for glaucoma : | Latanoprost / dichlorphenamide |
| Latanoprost (Xalatan): | facilitates flow of ocular fluid |
| Dichlorphenamide(Daranide): | Decrease production of ocular fluid |
| ____ is secondary to glaucoma, a common complication: Inflammation of ciliary, iris, choroid: | Uvitis |
| Ulcerative Keratitis are diagnosed using ___ and usually heal within ___ | Flourenscein dye test *Days |
| ___ and ___ can be used to treat ulcers | Autologous(serum for pet) broad spectrum AB’s |
| Autologous: | serum from patient used to treat corneal ulcers, good for 72 hrs |
| Deep ulcers are known as ____ and have membrane erosion | Desmetocelele |
| Opaque, pink or milky lesions w/vascularization is ___ also known as Pannus : | Keratitis |
| Keratitis is treated with life long ___ or ____ and is seen in increased ___ | *corticosteriods or cyclosporine(opptimmune ) *increased altitudes |
| Kerato conjunctivitis sicca (KCS) Is also known as ___and is a lack of ____ | *Dry eye *tear production |
| Dry eye causes recurrent ____ and ___ if left untreated. ___ and ___ are the meds of choice | *CONJUNCTIVITIS *BLINDNESS * artificial tears and cyclosporine(opptimmune) |
| Reduce lens opacity: | Cataracts |
| Cararacts are ___ or secondary to ____ | Genetic or DM |
| ___ is normal graying of the lens due to age and must be distinguished from cataracts | Senile nuclear sclerosis |
| Inherited dz cause a loss of cones, rods, bld supply: | PRA-Progressive retinol atrophy |
| Metabolic disorder that causes cataracts: | diabetes mellitus |
| __ are for vision in the light and __ are for vision in the dark | *Rods *cones |
| CS of PRA are night blindness, blindness,___ and a decrease in the ____ | *Cataracts *optic nerve |
| ___ is associated with taurine def in cats | PRA |
| Dilated pupils: | Medrosis |
| Constricted pupils: | Miosis |
Created by:
brit_2112
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