Fluids and electrolytes and ABGs
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| the elderly and the very young | are more likely to experience severe consequences with even minor changes in the fluid balance
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| the four main functions of water in the body | vehicle for transportation of substances to and from the cells`/ aids in heat regulation/ maintain hydrogen balance/ serves as a medium for the enzymatic action of digestion
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| intracellular fluid | fluid within the cell is considered to be in one compartment
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| extracellular fluid (ECF) | fluid outside the cell.
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| the kidneys | fluid is mainly excreted by this organ
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| Avenues of intake of water in 24 HRS | oral fluids 1500ml/ food 800ml/ metabolism 200ml to total 2500ml
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| Avenues of Output of water in 24 hours | urine 1500ml/ perspiration 400ml/ feces 200ml/ expired air 400ml to total 2500ml
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| control of fluid balance is managed by: | the thirst mechanism/ anti diuretic hormones (ADH)/ aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch
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| Extracellular Fluid | approximately 1/2 of total body water. transports water, nutrients, oxygen, waste. to and from cells. regulated by renal, metabolic, and neurological factors. High Sodium content
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| Intravascular Fluid | fluid within the blood vessels. consists of plasma and fluid within blood cells. contains large amounts of protein and electrolytes.
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| Interstitial Fluid | fluid in the spaces surrounding the cells. high in Sodium content
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| Transcellular Fluid |
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