CNS stimulants, CNS depressants, anticonvulsants, Neuromusc
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| show | Brain and spinal cord
🗑
|
||||
| show | stimulate the release of neurotransmitters (norepinephrine and dopamine); Adderall controls ADHD; causes euphoria and alertness
🗑
|
||||
| Amphetamines (side effects and adverse effects) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | amphetamine-like drug (CNS stimulant)
Trade Name: Ritalin/Ritalin SR
Pregnancy Category: C
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, hyper thyroidism, anxiety, history of seizures, motor tics, Tourette syndrome, glaucoma
NOT to be used in children under 6
🗑
|
||||
| show | Kinetics: Well absorbed from GI
Half life: 1-3 hours
Excretion: 40% unchanged in urine
Dynamics: PO: onset = .5-1 hr; peak = 1-3 hours; duration = 4-6 hr
🗑
|
||||
| show | ADHD: PO, 5 mg before breakfast and lunch
Narcolepsy: PO, 10 mg, BID/TID before meals
Drug interactions: may increase effects of decongestants, antiHTN, barbiturates; alter insulin
Food: caffeine may increase effects
🗑
|
||||
| Methylphenidate (prototype; uses) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | appetite suppressants; treat obesity; rarely prescribed; Didrex, Dexedrine, Dospan; do NOT give to children younger than 12 y.o.; nervousness, restlessness, irritability, insomnia, heart palpitations, HTN
🗑
|
||||
| Analeptics (definition, use, side effects) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Doxapram (Dopram) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Migraine headaches | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | characterized by a severe unilateral NONthrobbing pain located around EYE; NO aura, NO nausea, NO vomiting
🗑
|
||||
| Migraine treatment | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 5-HT receptor agonist (antimigraine)
Trade: Imitrex
Pregnancy Category: C
Contraindications: hypersenstivity, coronary artery disease, HTN, obesity, diabetes mel., smoking
Dosage: SubQ, PO, intranasal
🗑
|
||||
| REM rebound | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | sedative-hypnotic;
long-acting = control of seizures in epilepsy (Phenobarbital and mephobarbital)
intermediate-acting = sleep sustainers for maintaining sleep (butabarbital AKA Butisol) - ASSESS VITALS
🗑
|
||||
| show | short-acting = induce sleep (secobarbital AKA Seconal, pentobarbital AKA Nembutal - ASSESS VITALS
ultrashort-acting = general anesthetic; thiopental sodium AKA Pentothal
🗑
|
||||
| Secobarbital sodium (prototype; drug class, contraindications, dose) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Secobarbital sodium (prototype; Drug interactions, Pharmacokinetics/dynamics) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Secobarbital sodium (prototype; use, side effects) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sumatriptan (prototype; pharmacokinetics/dynamics, use) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Sumatriptan (prototype; side effects) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Benzodiazepines (Xanax, Ativan, Restoril) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Nonbenzodiazepines | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | benzodiazepine antagonist; reversal of sedative effects; management of benzo OD
🗑
|
||||
| show | Sedative-hypnotic; non-benzodiazepine
Trade: Ambien
Pregnancy Category: B
Contraind: allergy, lactation
Dosage: PO - at bedtime
Interactions: drug - decrease CNS function with alcohol, CNS depress, anticonvuls, phenothiazines; food - decreases absorp
🗑
|
||||
| Zolpidem tartrate (prototype; pharmacokinetics/dynamics, uses) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Zolpidem tartrate (prototype; side effects and adverse reactions) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Methylphenidate (prototype; mode of action) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | causes vasoconstriction of cranial carotid arteries to relieve migraine attacks
🗑
|
||||
| show | depression of the CNS, including the motor and sensory activities
🗑
|
||||
| Zolpidem tartrate (prototype; mode of action) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | depress CNS, alleviate pain, and cause LOC
4 stages: analgesia, excitement/delirium, surgical, medullary paralysis (ventilation NEEDED)
IV MED
🗑
|
||||
| Balanced anesthesia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | block pain at the site where drug is administered; allows consciousness to be maintained
Ethers or amides(low allergy incid)
Synthetic cocaine = Novocain
Short - .5-1 hr duration
Mod - 1-3 hr
Long - 3-10 hr
🗑
|
||||
| show | requires local to be injected in the subarachnoid space at the 3rd or 4th lumbar space
headaches may result - leaking
hypotension - leaking
🗑
|
||||
| show | Nerve: prevents pain at nerve ending
Spinal: subarachnoid membrane (2nd layer)
Epidural: outer covering (dura mater)
Caudal: near sacrum
Saddle: lower end to block perineal area (childbirth)
🗑
|
||||
| show | lack of oxygen to brain
🗑
|
||||
| show | most common; tonic - skeletal muscles contract in a spasm lasting 3-5 seconds; clonic - dysrhythmic muscular contraction, or jerkiness of legs and arms lasting 2-4 minutes; GENERALIZED
🗑
|
||||
| show | brief LOC lasting less than 10 sec; usually occurs in children; fewer than 3 spike waves on EEG; GENERALIZED
🗑
|
||||
| Psychomotor seizure | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Jacksonian Seizure; involves spontaneous movement that spreads, can develop into generalized seizure; PARTIAL - SIMPLE
🗑
|
||||
| Anticonvulsants | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | anticonvulsant, hydantoin
Trade: Dilantin
Preg Category: D
Contraindications: allergy, heart block, psychiatric disorders, pregnancy
Dosage: PO and IV (loading dose)
Theraputic range: 10-20 mcg/ml
Toxic: 30-50 mcg/ml
🗑
|
||||
| Phentoin (prototype; pharmacokinetics/dynamincs) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Drug: decreased with folic acid, calcium, antacids
Decreases effects of: anticoag, oral contra, antihist, corticoster, dopamine
Food: decreased adsorption
🗑
|
||||
| Phentoin (prototype; uses; side effects and adverse effects) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | reduces motor cortex activity by altering transport of ions
🗑
|
||||
| Status epilepticus | show 🗑
|
||||
| Succinimides | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | treat petit mal seizures; Trimethadione was first drug developed; many severe side effects
🗑
|
||||
| show | treatment of manic episodes in bipolar disorders
🗑
|
||||
| Benzodiazepines (as an anticonvulsant) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Anticholinergics | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | antiparkinson: dopaminergic
Trade: Sinemet
Pregnancy Category: C
Contraindications: narrow-angle glaucoma, severe cardiac, renal or hepatic disease
Dosage: PO - ratio of 10 carb/100 levo; extended release - 5 carb/200 levo
🗑
|
||||
| Carbidopa-levodopa (prototype; interactions, use) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Pharmacokinetics: PO - well absorbed; carbidopa 36% protein bound, levodopa is unknown; t1/2 = 1-2 hrs; excreted in urine as metabolites
Pharmacodynamics: PO - onset = 15 min; peak = 1-3 hrs; duration = 5-12 hrs
🗑
|
||||
| Carbodopa-levodopa (prototype; side effects, adverse effects) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | transmission of levodopa to brain cells for conversion to dopamine; carbidopa blocks the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the peripheral nervous system
🗑
|
||||
| show | stimulate the dopamine receptors
ex: Amantadine (high tolerance); can be used for drug induced parkinsonism
🗑
|
||||
| show | the enzyme monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) causes catabolism of dopamine; selegILINE inhibits MAO-B - prolongs action of levodopa
ex: RasagILINE (Azilect)
🗑
|
||||
| show | enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inactivates dopamine; when taken c levodopa - increase amount of levodopa concentration in the brain
🗑
|
||||
| show | tacrine (Cognex); donepezil (Aricept); rivastigmine (Exelon); permits more acetylcholine in the neuron receptors; used for Alzheimer's disease
🗑
|
||||
| show | acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Trade: Cognex
Contra: liver/renal diseases
Dosage: PO qid
Interactions: increse ALT, AST
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pharmacokinetics: PO - food decreases absorb rate; 50% pro bnd; t1/2 = 3 hrs; excreted in urine
Pharmacodynamics: onset = .5 hr; peak = 2 hrs; duration = 24-36 hrs
Use: improves memory loss
🗑
|
||||
| Tacrine (prototype; side effects, mode of action) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Myasthenia gravis (MG) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Multiple sclerosis (MS) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | severe generalized muscle weakness and may involve the muscles of respiration; stress or inadequate dosing of AChE inhibitors can trigger
🗑
|
||||
| show | overdoing AChE inhibitors
Symptoms: miosis (pupil constriction; abnormal), pallor, sweating, vertigo, excess salivation, naus, vomit, ab crmping,diarrhea, bradycardia, involun muscle twitching
🗑
|
||||
| AChE inhibitors for MG | show 🗑
|
||||
| Pyridostigmine bromide (prototype; drug class, contraindications, interactions) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | PO, sustained-release PO, IM/IV, adults and children
Use: control and treat myasthenia gravis
Mode of action: transmission of neuromuscular impulses by preventing destruction of acetylcholine
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pharmacokinetics: PO - poorly absorbed, Sustained-release - 50%; t1/2 = PO - 3.5-4 hrs, IV - 2 hrs; excreted in urine by liver
Pharmacodynamics: IV, IM, PO, PO - SR (quickest to slowest onset); PO SR has longest duration; all peaks are unknown
🗑
|
||||
| show | Side effects: naus, vomit, diarrhea, hdache, dizzi, ab cramps, excess saliva, sweating, rash, miosis
Adverse effects: hypotension, bradycardia, urticaria
🗑
|
||||
| show | histamine blockers, idomethacin (an NSAID) and beta-blockers
🗑
|
||||
| show | Centrally acting muscle relaxants
Trade: Soma, Sopropol
Pregnancy category: C
Contraindications: severe liver or renal disease
Dosage: PO bedtime
Interactions: increase CNS depression c alcohol, narcotics, sedative-hypnotics, antihistamines, antidepr
🗑
|
||||
| show | Pharmacokinetics: PO - absorbs well; t1/2 = 8 hrs; excreted in urine
Pharmacodynamics: PO, onset = 30 mins, Peak = 3-4 hrs, duration = 4-6 hrs
🗑
|
||||
| Carisoprodol (prototype; mode of action; side effects; adverse effects) | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
jodybreeze2013
Popular Pharmacology sets