Parathyroid Disorders
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| What PTs are Laryngospasms, Trousseau's sign, and Chvostek's signs common in? | hypoparathyroidism
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| How many parathyroid glands are there? | Four
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| Where is the parathyroid located? | the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
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| What is the purpose of Parathormone? | *Increases the concentration of calcium in the blood *Regulates the amount of phosphorus in the blood *Antagonist to calcitonin released by thyroid gland
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| What is the effect of parathormone on the kidneys? | *Increases reabsorption of calcium and magnesium from kidney tubules *Increases elimination of phosphorous by kidneys
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| What is the most common cause of Hypoparathyroidism? | Inadvertently removing or destroying one or more parathyroid glands during a thyroidectomy
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| What can severe hypocalcemia cause? | *Laryngeal spasm *Stridor *Cyanosis with increased risk of asphyxia *Calcification of the basal ganglia in the brain
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| What are the diagnostic lab findings in hypoparathyroidism? | decreased serum calcium with increased urinary calcium, and increased serum phosphorus with decreased urinary phosphorus
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| What is the immediate Tx of hypoparathyroid tetany? | *IV adminsitration of calcium gluconate or calcium chloride (10%) *NOT TO EXCEED 1ml/minute
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| What vitamin increases absorption of calcium? | Vitamin D
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| Any patient receiving calcium, especially IV, must be monitored for signs of hypercalcemia. What are the most common clinical manifestations of hypercalcemia? | *Vomiting *Disorientation *Anorexia *Abdominal pain *Weakness
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| What are S/Sx of Hypercalcemia? | *Skeletal pain *Pain on weight bearing *Pathological fractures *Kidney stone formation *Bradycardia
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| What is the diuretic of choice for hypercalcemia, and why? | Lasix is the diuretic of choice. Thiazide diuretics are not used, because they decrease renal excretion of calcium and thus increase the hypercalcemic state
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