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Psychology- chapter3

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
show The brief time interval following an action potential when a neuron is incapable of being stimulated to fire another pulse  
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Acetylcholine   show
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show Nerve impulse resulting from the depolarization of an axon's cell membrane  
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Adaptations   show
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Adoption Studies   show
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show Endocrine glands that release stress hormones, including catecholamines and cortichosteroids  
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Agonist   show
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show States that an action potential is not proportional to the intensity of stimulation; a neuron either fires with maximum intensity or it does not fire  
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Amygdala   show
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show A drug that inhibits or decreases the action of a neurotransmitter  
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show Literally, antibody generators, or foreign substances that activate the cells of the immune system  
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show The partial or total loss of the ability to understand speech or to produce it  
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show The areas of the cerebral cortex that do not have sensory or motor functions but are involved in the integration of neural activity that underlies perception, language, and other higher-order mental processes  
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Autonomic Nervous System   show
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show An extension from one side of the body that conducts nerve impulses to other neurons, muscles, or glands  
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Behavior Genetics   show
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show Mechanisms that enable and predispose us to behave, feel, and even to think in certain ways  
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Brain Stem   show
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Broca's Area   show
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show The portion of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord  
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show A convoluted hindbrain structure involved in motor coordination and some aspects of learning and memory  
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show The gray, convoluted outer covering of the brain that is the seat of higher-order sensory, motor, perceptual, and mental processes  
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Cerebrum   show
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Chromosome   show
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Computerized Axial Tomography Scan   show
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show The likelihood that two people share a particular characteristic  
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Corpus Callosum   show
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show Small branching fibers that extend from the soma of a neuron and receive messages from adjacent neurons  
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Electroencephalograph   show
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Endocrine System   show
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Evolution   show
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show Brain structures above the midbrain, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and the cerebral hemispheres; Involved in higher-order sensory, motor, and cognitive functions  
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show A brain scanning procedure that produces pictures of blood flow in the brain taken less than a second apart  
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Genes   show
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show The specific genetic makeup of the individual, which may or may not be expressed in the observable phenotype  
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show A change in the electrical potential of a neuron that is proportional to the intensity of the incoming stimulation but not sufficient to produce an action potential  
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Heritability Coefficient   show
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show The part of the brain situated immediately above the spinal cord that contains the brain stem and cerebellum  
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Hippocampus   show
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show The maintenance of biological equilibrium, or balance, within the body  
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show Chemical substances secreted by the glands of the endocrine system that travel in the bloodstream and affect bodily organs, psychological functions, and development  
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Hypothalamus   show
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Interneurons   show
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show The degree of localization of a function in either the right or left cerebral hemisphere  
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Limbic System   show
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show A brain scanning procedure that produces a highly detailed image of a living tissue based on the tissue's response to a magnetic field; can be used to study both structure and, the the case of functional MRI, brain functions as well  
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Medulla   show
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Midbrain   show
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Motor Cortex   show
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Motor Neurons   show
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Mylein Sheath   show
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Natural Selection   show
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Neural Plasticity   show
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show Immature “uncommitted” cells that can mature into any type of neuron or glial cell needed by the brain  
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show The production of new neurons in the nervous system, sometimes to replace neurons that have died or been damages  
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show Neurotransmitter substances that are released by neurons and circulate within the nervous system to affect the sensitivity of many neurons to their natural transmitter substances  
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show Nerve cells that constitute the basic building blocks of the nervous system  
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show Chemical substances that are released from the axons of one neuron, travel across the synaptic space, and bind to specially keyed receptors in another neuron, where they produce a chemical reaction that is either excitatory or inhibitory  
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show The branch of the autonomic nervous system that slows down bodily processes to conserve energy and reduce arousal  
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Peripheral Nervous System   show
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show The observable characteristics produced by one's genetic endowment  
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show A number of genes working together to create a particular phenotypic characteristic  
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show A brain stem structure having sensory and motor tracts whose functions are involved in sleep and dreaming  
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Positron-Emission Tomography Scan   show
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show The area of the frontal lobe just behind the eyes and the forehead that is involved in the executive functions of planning, self-awareness, and responsibility  
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Psychoactive Drugs   show
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Receptor Sites   show
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Resting Potential   show
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show A structure extending from the hindbrain into the lower forebrain that plays a central role in consciousness, sleep and attention, in part by alerting and activating higher brain centers and by blocking some inputs to higher regions of the brain  
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Reuptake   show
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Sensory Neurons   show
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show The branch of the peripheral nervous system that provides input from the sensory receptors and output to the voluntary muscles of the body  
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show Cortical strips in the front portions of the parietal lobes that receive sensory input from the opposite side of the body  
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show The branch of the autonomic nervous system that has an arousal function on the body's internal organs, speeding up bodily processes and mobilizing the body  
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Synaptic Space   show
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Synaptic Vesicles   show
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Thalamus   show
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show A research method in behavioral genetics in which identical and fraternal twins are compared on some characteristic; this method is particularly informative if the twins have been raised in different environments  
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Wernicke's Area   show
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