Lytle APES Laws and Treaties - National Parks
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| Alaska National Interest Conservation Act (1980) | Provided for the creation or revision of 15 National Park properties and set aside other public lands for the U.S, Forest Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This act is administered by the Department of the Interior.
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| Coastal Zone Management Act (1972) | Allows for the protection of United States coastal zones from environmentally harmful overdevelopment.Federal monies are given to participating coastal states to be used to conserve coastal areas.
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| Federal Land Policy and Management Act (1976) | Protects, manages, develops and enhances public lands. It governs the use of public lands by protecting historic,scenic, and scientific, and ecologically important areas. This law is administered by the Bureau of Land Management.
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| Multiple Use-Sustained Yield Act (1960) | Governs the administration of renewable resources including timber,range,water,recreation,and wildlife on National Forest lands,taking into account the needs of multiple user groups. This act is administered by the Department of Agriculture.
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| National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) (1969) | Broadly covers enviro. protection by requiring that proper consideration be given to the enviro when federal actions are undertaken. Requires enviro. impact statement and enviro. assessments before any gov project that may have environmental implications.
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| National Forest Management Act (1976) | Directs every national forest to have a resource management plan,which must be based on sustainable yields and multiple-use guidelines.This law is administered by the U.S.Department of Agriculture.
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| National Park Service Organic Act (1916) | Also called the Nat Park Service Act,it was created to manage the parks that existed then. The Nat Park Services Dept (NPS) is under the direction of the Dept of the Interior. Today, the number of nat parks has grown to 58. NPS manages the units.
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| National Wildlife Refuge System Act (1966) | Governs the admin. and management of all areas in the wildlife refuge system, including the protection & conservation of fish & wildlife threatened w/ extinction. Amended by the Nat Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997. Administered by the DOI.
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| National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act (1997) | An addition to the 1966 act, it ensures that the national Wildlife Refuge System is managed as a national system of lands and waters and is in the interest of the protection and conservation of the nation’s wildlife resources.
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| Public Rangelands Improvement Act (9178) | Balances the management of public rangelands for sustainable use and productivity. Also sets a fair & equitable fee for the use of this land and protects pops of wild burros and horses. This law is administered by the BLM and the U.S. Forest Service.
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| Wilderness Act (1964) | Established the National Wilderness Preservation System with the goal of preserving federally owned land for present and future use. This law is administered by the Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service.
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| Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) (1961) | Established to encourage cooperative research and exploration of the Antarctic while also banning any military activity there. The sharing of research information is encouraged as well as protecting the environment and marine organisms.
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| Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) (1982) | Established to conserve marine life and ecosystems in and close to Antarctica. It does not ban fishing in the included water, but supports sustainable harvesting. It is part of the Antarctic Treaty System.
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| Copenhagen Protocol (2009) | Addresses climate change by stressing the urgent need for emission-reducing tech. Encourages countries to conduct R & D for new tech while preserving forests & evaluating sustainability. To serve as a follow-up to the Kyoto Protocol, which expires in '12.
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| Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME) (1991) | Mandates sustainable use of both land and sea Arctic marine environments.
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| Rio Declaration of Environment and Development of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) (1992) | Reaffirms the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (1972). It created 27 principles to guide sustainable development.
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| UNECE Convention of Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus Convention) (1998) | Created public access to environmental information, public involvement in environmental decision-making and public access to impartial review processes.
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