antibiotics
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| Sulfonamides: Action? | Inhibit bacterial growth
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| Sulfonamides: Indications? | UTI's, respiratory infections, pneumonias
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| Sulfonamides: SE/AE? | Delayed reactions: fever, rash, GI, hepatic, renal, hematologic complications
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| Sulfonamides: Interactions? | Significant reactions with many meds. Hypoglycemics, warfarin, phenytoin, immunosuppressants
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| Sulfonamides: Labs? | Increased AST (asparatate aminotransferase); alkaline phosphate
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| Sulfonmides: Prototype? | Sulfamethoxazole
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| Sulfamethoxazole: Indications? | UTIs, ear infections, bronchitis, gonorrhea, general infections. Prophylaxis of HIV.
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| Sulfamethoxazole: Contraindications? | Pregnancy at term, infants under 2 mo. Liver, renal disease, severe allergies. Drug to drug allergies.
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| 4 classes of Beta-Lactams? | Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monbactams
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| Penicillins: Action? | Inhibit cell wall synthesis. Limited to killing bacterial cells, not other cells in body.
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| Penicillins: Indications? | Gram-positive strep, staph. Pneumonia, strep, syphillis
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| Penicillins: SE/AE? | Hypersensitivity: uticaria, pruritis, angioedema. 10% are life threatening.
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| Penicillins: Interactions? | Decrease effectiveness of warfarin, contraceptives.
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| Penicillins: Prototype? | Amoxicillin
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| Which antibiotic (according to powerpoints) is used to treat cat scratch fever? | Amoxicillin (really, it's azithromycin, a macrolide)
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| Amoxicillin: Indications? | Ear, nose, throat, GU, skin infections.
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| Amoxicillin: Administration? | 500 mg and 875 mg tablets. Avail in chewable tablets and pediatric drops.
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| Cephalosporins: What are they? | Synthetic antibiotic derivative of cephalosporin C
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| Cephalosporins: Action? | Bactericidal, interfere w/ bacterial cell wall synthesis.
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| Cephalosporins: Indications? | Wide spectrum bacteria: gram-pos, gram-neg
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| What is the differentiation b/w 1st, 2nd, 3rd generation cephalosporins? | 3rd generation is more effective on gram negatives.
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| Cephalosproins: SE/AE? | Similar to penicillin. Diarrhea, abdominal cramps, rash, pruritus, redness.
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| Cephalosporin: Prototype? | Cefazolin. First-generation cephalosporin
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| Trade names for cefazolin? | Ancef, Kefzol
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| Cefazolin: indications? | Gram-positive. Skin infections, pneumonia, UTI, bone/joint infections, septicemia, perioperative prophylaxis, billiary and genital infections. Bacterial endocarditis, prophylaxis for dental and upper respiratory tract procedures
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| Cefazolin: Routes? | IM, IV. Parenteral
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| Carbapenems: Action? | Interferes to cell wall synthesis. (like other beta-lactams)
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| Carbapenems: indications? | very broad antimicrobial spectrum; most bacterial pathogens. Highly active against gram-positive cocci, Most gram-negative cocci and bacilli. Most effective beta-lactam against anaerobic bacteria
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| Carbapenems: contraindications? | allergies to other beta-lactams may be cross-allergic
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| Carbapenems: SE/AE? | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Hypersensitivity reactions, rashes, pruritus, drug fever, suprainfections and rarely seizures
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| Carbapenems: Prototype? | Imipenem (Primaxin)
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| Monobactams: | I have no idea what we are supposed to know for these...
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| Macrolides: Action? | Prevents bacterial protein synthesis
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| Macrolides: Protoypes? | Erythromycin. Azithromycin (Zithromax)
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| Macrolides: Indications? | Respiratory infections, skin infections, soft tissue infections.
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| Macrolides: SE/AE? | GI are primary. Adverse effects include CV-palpitations,CNS- headache, rash, hearing loss.
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| Macrolides: Contraindications: | Liver problems, drug to drug interactions.
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| Erythromycin: Indications? | Diptheria, pneumonia, strep throat. Legionnaires’ disease, Bordatella pertussis (whooping cough), urethritis, cervicitis, respiratory infections, rheumatic fever, bacterial endocarditis.
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| Tetracyclines: Action? | Inhibit protein synthesis. Prevent growth and repair of bacteria.
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| Tetracyclines: Indications? | Wide range. Chlamydia, pneumonia, rickettsia, (Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever, Q fever), brucellosis, cholera, LYME DISEASE, ANTHRAX, gastric infection w/ H. pylori (peptic ulcer) Topically used for acne. Periodontal disease
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| Tetracyclines: Contraindications? | Known drug allergy. Dairy products, antacids, penicillins, anticoags. Winnie: contraindicated in pregnant women and children under 8 y/o
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| Tetracyclines: SE/AE? | Photosensitivity, discoloration of teeth, candida, diarrhea, pseudo colitis. hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity
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| Tetracycines: Prototypes? | Doxycycline
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| Doxycycline: Indications? | periodontal disease Lyme disease, anthrax, chlamydial infections, sexually acquired proctitis
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| Doxycycline: Side effects? | Photosensitivity, candida, discoloration of teeth, diarrhea
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| Aminoglycosides: Protoype? | Tobramycin
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| Aminoglycosides: Action? | Bind to ribosomes and prevent protein synthesis
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| Aminoglycosides: Indications? | Gram negative infections and some gram positive. Pseudomonas. Winnie: Ear infection, eye, skin.
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| Which aminoglycoside is used for TB? | streptomycin
(Winnie)
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| Aminoglycosides: SE/AE? | Very potent, therefore can cause serious toxicities to kidneys (nephrotoxicity) and ears (ototoxicity)
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| Aminoglycosides: Interactions? | Diuretics, skeletal muscle relaxants, anticoags.
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| Fluroquinolones: Action? | Alters DNA of bacteria. Book says: disrupts DNA replication and cell division
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| Fluroquinolones: Indications? | Bacterial infections (S. aureous), wide variety of gram pos and gram neg bacteria.
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| Fluroquinalones: SE/AE? | Cardiac effects: prolonged QT interval. CNS, GI, skin. Book- can cause tendon rupture, i.e. Achilles
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| Fluroquinolones: Protoype/example? | Ciprofloxacin
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| Ciprofloxacin: Indications? | infections of respiratory tract, urinary tract, GI tract, bones, joints, skin and soft tissues, prevention of anthrax
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