test 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| dyspnea | difficult or laboroed breathing
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| hypoxia | not enough oxygen reaching the cells and tissues
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| Hypoxemia | decreased levels of oxygen in blood
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| hypercapnia | increased carbon dioxide levels
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| what percentage of breathed air is oxygen | 21%
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| diffusion | moving from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration
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| part of brain which regulates respiration | medula oblongota
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| What is the drive for healthy people to breath? | drive to excrete excess CO2
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| What is the drive for a person with impaired lung function to breath? | drive is called Hypoxic Drive and is the drive to take in more oxygen.
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| Too much oxygen therapy to a patient with COPD | knocks out their hypoxic drive and causes them to have slowed or ceased breathing.
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| Carbon monoxide exposure | carbon monoxide binds more easily to hemoglobin and crowds out any space for oxygen to bind.
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| how does obesity, chest injury and abdominal surgery affect oxygen levels | decreased lung expansion and thus more shallow breaths limiting oxygen intake
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| how does anemia affect oxygen levels | lower amount of red blood cells = lower amounts of oxygen being carried to cells
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| what types of drugs are most common cause of slowed respirations | narcotics
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| threat and symptoms of hypoxia | life-threatening and needs immediate attention.
confusion, irritability, fatigue, increased heart rate, nasal flaring, pallor, and or cyanosis.
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| tachypnea | increased respirations
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| bradypnea | slowed respirations
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| hyperventilation | rapid/deep breathing, causes excessive air in lungs and more CO2 exhaled than being produced
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| hypoventilation | slow/shallow breathing, more CO2 is retained than is being exhaled
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| Apnea | absence of respirations
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| Cheyne Stokes | periods of rapid and deep breathing followed by slow/shallow, with periods of apnea.
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| orthopnea | inability to breath except in an upright position
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| Kussmauls | increased rate/depth greater than 20/min
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| Respiratory arrest | failure to resume breathing after apneic episode
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| what to ask when taking respiratory history | past respiratory problems, any current prob., family history, medications, exposures, signs and symptoms, smoking etc.
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| assessing oxygenation | skin color and temp, level of consciousness, orientation, mucous membranes moist pink and intact, circulation, respirations, cough present or not and whether productive or not, nail clubbing, chest size and shape, breath sounds, pulse oximetry.
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| barrel chested | increased anterior and posterior diameter
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| funnel chested | depressed lower sternum
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| pigeon chested | protruding upper sternum
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| if you hear an adventitious sound, you should... | have the patient cough and relisten
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| what pulse oximetry reading need to be reported immediately? | anything under 90, depending on the patient
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| nursing techniques to promote oxygenation | positioning, breathing techniques, incentive spirometer
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| pursed lip breathing | helps patient to develop control over their breathing and keeps airway open.
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| how to pursed lip breath | inhale slowly through the nose count to 2, exhale slowly through pursed lips to count of 4
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| diaphragmatic breathing | for patients who are short of breath- conscious use of diaphragm during breathing helps to conserve energy.
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| how to diaphragmatic breath | patient places one hand over abdomen and one hand on chest, focus on pushing abdomen out during inspiration
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| what does hydration do for secretions and breathing? | It thins secretions; also beneficial is humidification and nebulizer
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| chest physiotherapy | percussion and postural drainage- percussing to loosen and positioning to let gravity pull secretions out of lungs.
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| diffeerent types of oxygen delivery systems | nasal cannula, simple rebreather mask, partial rebreather mask, non-rebreather mask, venturi mask, face tent, tracheostomy collar, T-piece, nasal catheter, O2 tent, CPAP mask
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| what concentration of O2 is given with a partial rebreather? | 35-60%
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| Most accurate delivery of O2 | Venturi mask
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| hazards with oxygen use | flammable and Oxygen toxicity
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| best time for sputum specimen? | morning before meals
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| Nursing diagnosis related to oxygenation | ineffective Airway Clearance, impaired gas exchange, ineffective breathing pattern, activity intolerance, knowledge deficit
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