Bellevue West Psychology Mod 7
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| neuron | A nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system.
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| dendrite | The bushy, branching extension of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body (soma).
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| soma | The cell body of a neuron, which contains the nucleus and other parts that keep the cell healthy.
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| axon | The extension of a neuron through which neural impulses are sent.
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| axon terminal | The endpoint of a neuron, where neurotransmitters are stored.
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| action potential | a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron.
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| refactory period | The "recharging phase" when a neuron, after firing, cannot generate another action potential.
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| resting potential | The state of a neuron when it is at rest and capable of generating an action potential.
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| synapse | The tiny, fluid-filled gap between the axon terminal of one neuron and the dendrite of another.
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| neurotransmitter | a chemical messenger that travels across the synaspe from one neuron to the next and influences whether a neuron will generate an action potential (impulse).
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| excitatory effect | A neurotansmitter effect that makes it more likely that the receiving neuron will generate an action potential (impulse).
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| inhibitory effect | A neurotransmitter effect that makes it less likely that a receiving neuron will generate an action potential (impulse).
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| receptor cells | Specialized cells in the sensory systems of the body that can turn other kinds of energy into action potentials (impulses) that the nervous system can process.
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| sensory nerves | Nerves that carry information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system.
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| interneurons | Nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord responsible for processing information related to sensory input and motor output.
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| motor nerves | Nerves that carry information to the muscles and glands from the central nervous system.
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| acetylcholine | A neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction and affects learning and memory.
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| antagonist | A drug that blocks the effect of a neurotranmitter.
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| agonist | A drug that boost the effects of a neurotransmitter.
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| dopamine | A neurotransmitter that affects learning, attention, and emotion; excess dopamine activity is associated with schizophrenia.
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| serotonin | A neurotransmitter that affects hunger, sleep, arousal, and mood; serotonin appears in lower than normal levels in depressed persons.
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| central nervous system | The brain and spinal cord.
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| peripheral nervous system | The sensory and motor nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body.
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| somatic nervous system | The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles.
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| autonomic nervous system | The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs. Its subdivisions are the sympathetic (arousing) division and the parasympathetic (calming) division.
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| sympathetic division | The part of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body to deal with perceived threats.
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| endocrine system | One of the body's two communication systems; a set of glands that produce hormones, chemical messengers that circulate in the blood.
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| hormone | chemical messengeras produced by the endocrine glands and circulated in the blood.
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| pituitary gland | The endocrine system's highly influential "master gland" that, in conjunction with the brain, controls the other endocrine glands.
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| thyroid gland | Endocrine gland that helps regulate energy level in the body
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| adrenal gland | Endocrine gland that help to arouse the body in times of stress.
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| all-or-none principle | The principle stating that if a neuron fires, it always fires at the same intensity; all action potentials are the same strength.
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| Parasympathetic division | the part of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body.
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