Mitosis and Meosis
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| Mitotic Spindle | equally divides chromotids
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| Prophase | 1st phase of mitosis,nuclear enevelope breaks down
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| Interphase | time between cell divisions, longest part of cell cycle,(includes: G1,S,G2)
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| G1 Phase | 1st phase of interphase, cell makes more cytoplasm and organelles, controls when cell divides
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| Cleavage Furrow | divides animal cell into 2 offspring
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| S phase | DNA is copied, (part of interphase)
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| Anaphase | 3rd phase of mitosis, chromosomes move to opposite poles
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| asexual reproduction | production of offspring from 1 parent
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| Chromatids | 2 copies of DNA on each chromosome, form before cell division
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| Centromere | attaches 2 chromatids
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| Homologus Chromosomes | similar in shape and size, have simliar genetic info.
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| Diploid | cell that contains 2 sets of chromosomes
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| Haploid | cell that contains 1 set of chromosomes (ex.human sex cells, 23)
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| Prophase I | phase of meiosis, crossing over occurs
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| Cancer | misregulation of proteins that control cell growth and division
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| First Growth (G1) | cell grows and casrries out functions
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| Mitosis Check Point | Triggers exit from mitosis
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| Second Growth (G2) | prep. for nucleus to divide
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| G1-S-G2-Mitosis-Cytokenisis ...represents | the cell cycle
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| The S is the phase in which... | DNA synthesized (copied)
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| Phases G1,S,G2, are called... | interphase
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| Spindle Fibers are made of... | Microtubles- move chromosomes apart & cleavage furrows
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| Disease caused by uncontrolled cell division... | cancer
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| In the first stage of binary fission DNA is... | copied
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| Karyotypes | chromosomes present in a humans cells
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| During which phase of meiosis do tetrads form? | prophase I
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| Division of cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell is... | cytokensis
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| What occurs during synapsis? | paring of homologues
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| During Mitosis and Meiosis kinetochore fibers are thought to? | move chromosomes
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| Histones are protiens that... | aid in the packing of DNA in eukaryotic cells
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| Spermatogenesis results in | 4 haploid sperm cells
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| Each offspring cell produced by binary fision contains | identical copy of original cells chromosomes
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| Crossing over results in genetic recombination by | permiting the exchange of genetic material b/t maternal and paternal chromosomes
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| What structure not found in animal cells forms along the midline of a dividing plant cell? | Cell plate
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| Describe how you could tell if a diividng cell is prkaryote or eukaryote? | in Eu. look for centriole,nucleus,chromosome, in Pr.circular molecule of DNA
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| 2 ways that meiosis differs from mitosis... | meiosis results in hapolid cells, cells produced in meiosis differ genitically from original cell
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| Independent Assorment? and how does it affect genetic makeup of offspring? | random seperation of homolugus chromosomes, genetic variation
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| describe the role that spindle fibers play in mitosis... | splits chromosomes for cell division
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| Advantage of sexual reproduction? | changes characteristics,allows species to adapt rapidly
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| Compare process of spermatogenisis to oogensis? | both produce gametes, s. occurs in males, o. occurs in females,s. results in 4 haploid cells, o. results in 1 hapolid ovum and 3 polar bodies which eventually die
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| Describe the difference b/t cytokinesis in animal cells and plant cells? | animal cells have no cell wall and split using cleavage furrow, in plant cells the golgi appratrus that form a cell plate and split the cell
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| Describe structure of chromosome | rod shaped structures made of DNA and protiens
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