Pediatric Communicable Diseases
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| Whats the incubation period of chicken pox? | 2-3 weeks
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| What is considered the probable contagious period of chicken pox? | 1 day prior to eruption and 6 days after crusts form on vesicles
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| How is chicken pox spread? | primarily secretions of the respiratory tract of infected persons; to lesser degree skin lesions
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| What is given to immunosuppressed children who are exposed to chicken pox? | Acyclovir (Zovirax) or immune globulin (VZIG)
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| How is german measles spread? | primarily nasopharyngeal secretions of infected person; also present in blood, urine, and stool
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| S/Sx of german measles | *Mild fever and sore throat *Maculopapular rash *Enlarged glands at back of neck
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| What is the incubation period of german measles? | 2-3 weeks
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| What is the contagious period of german measles? | 7 days before to 5 days after rash appears
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| How is hepatitis A spread? | fecal-oral route, usually from contaminated food or water
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| What is the incubation period of Hepatitis A? | 15-50 days (average 25-30)
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| What is the contagious period of Hepatitis A? | uncertain, virus may be shielded for 6 months in neonates
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| How is hepatitis A spread? | *Blood or blood products contaminated with HBV *Intimate physical contact
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| What is the incubation period of Hepatitis A? | 30-180 days (average 50)
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| What is the contagious period of Hepatitis B? | uncertain, may persist in carrier state years to lifetime
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| How is Infectious Mononucleosis spread? | oral secretions, spread by direct contact only
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| What is the incubation period of Infectious Mononucleosis? | 4-6 weeks
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| How is Measles spread? | respiratory tract secretions, blood, and urine of infected person
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| What is the incubation period of Measles? | 2-3 weeks
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| What is the contagious period of Measles? | 4 days before to 5 days after rash appears
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| How is Mumps spread? | saliva of infected persons
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| S/Sx of mumps: | *Fever, headache, and vomiting *Painful swelling of glands near ear and jaw line *Enlarged parotid gland *May be bilateral
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| S/Sx of measles: | *Fever, cough, and conjunctivitis *Koplik's spots *Maculopapular rash erupts
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| S/Sx of polio: | *Headache, fever *Stiff neck and stiff back *Paralysis
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| What is the incubation period of Polio? | 7 – 14 days
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| What is the contagious period of whooping cough? | 5-21 days (average 10d)
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| How is Lyme Disease spread? | Ticks
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| S/Sx of Lyme Disease: | *Skin lesions at site of tick bite *Macule with raised border and clear center *May "burn“ *Fever *Arthralgia *May lead to heart and neurologic involvement
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| What is the incubation period of Lyme Disease? | 3-32 days
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| Tx of Lyme Disease | amoxicillin or doxycycline
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| How is Diphtheria spread? | contact with a patient or carrier
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| S/Sx of diphtheria: | *Common cold with purulent nasal discharge *Malaise, sore throat *White or gray membrane forms in the throat, causing respiratory distress
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| S/Sx of Roseola: | *Persistent high (103-105 F) fever that drops rapidly as the rash appears *Macupapular rash is non-pruritic and blanches easily
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| What is the incubation period of Roseola? | 5-15 days
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| What is the contagious period of Roseola? | Until rash fades
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| How is Smallpox spread? | Virus. Respiratory droplets
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| True or False: With smallpox, only one stage of the lesion at time is present on the body. | True
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| What is the incubation period of Smallpox? | 7-17 days
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| What causes scarlet fever? | Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus
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| S/Sx of scarlet fever: | *Tachycardia *Strawberry tongue, pinpoint rash *Circumoral pallor, desquamation
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| What is the Tx of scarlet fever? | Penicillin therapy
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| What is the disease that causes a "slapped cheek" appearance? | Fifth disease
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| What is a macule? | circular reddened area
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| What is a papule? | circular reddened area that is elevated
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| What is a vesicle? | circular reddened are that is elevated and filled with fluid
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| What is a pustule? | Circular reddened are on skin that is elvated And contains pus
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| What is pathognomonic? | A term used to describe a lesion or symptom that is characteristic of a specific illness
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| Name three biological agents used as weapons | *Anthrax *Smallpox *Ebola virus
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