Pediatric Gastrointestinal Conditions
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| Increased metabolic rates and heat production are how much greater in infants than in adults? | 2-3 times greater
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| What is the greatest threat from isotonic dehydration? | Shock
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| What is hypotonic dehydration? | Electrolyte deficit exceeds water deficit
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| What is hypotonic dehydration? | Proportionately larger loss of water in excess of electrolyte loss
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| What is the primary form of dehydration in children? | Isotonic dehydration
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| What is the most dangerous form of dehydration in children? | Hypertonic
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| How is severity of dehydration in infants determined? | the amount of weight the child has lost
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| What is chronic diarrhea? | Diarrhea caused by chronic conditions lasting over 14 days
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| What is intractable diarrhea? | occurs in first few months of life and lasts longer than 2 weeks
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| What is the most common cause of serious gastroenteritis? | Rotavirus
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| What is obstipation? | when there are long intervals between stools
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| What is Encopresis? | constipation with fecal soiling but no passing of impated stool
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| What dietary modification often relieves the problem of constipation in infants? | *Increased amount of carbohydrates in infant’s formula often relieves problem. *Inreased amounts of fibers and fluids.
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| What is Hirschsprungs disease? | Absence of ganglionic innervation of bowel and lack of normal peristalsis
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| List 4 S/Sx of Hirschsprungs Disease: | *Failure to pass meconium *Constipation *Ribbon-like stools *Abdominal distention *Anorexia *Vomiting *Failure to thrive *Shock *Enterocolitis
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| What is the earliest sign of Hirschsprung's disease? | Failure to pass meconium stools
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| Which position is recommended for a child with GER? | The upright prone position
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| What is a Meckel’s Diverticulum ? | A small blind pouch near the ileocecal valve fails to disappear completely and may be connected to the umbilicus by a cord
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| Symptoms for Meckel's diverticulum usually appear at what age? | Before 2 years old
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| What is Crohns Disease? | Is a chronic inflammation that involves all layers of the bowel wall
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| What is the diet for Crohns Disease? | *Well-balanced, high-protein, high-calorie diet *Encourage small, frequent meals *Serve meals around medication schedules
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| What is the most reliable procedure for DXing PUD? | Endoscopy
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| What is Esophageal Atresia (EA) and Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)? | The tissues of the gastrointestinal tract fail to separate properly from the respiratory tract in utero
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| How is the exact type of Esophageal Atresia (EA) and Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF) determined? | chest films
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| What is the surgery called to repair a hernia? | Herniorrhaphy
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| What is pyloromyotomy? | It is a surgical procedure in which the pyloric muscle is incised to enlarge the opening to allow food to pass
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| What is an Intussusception? | A slipping of one part of the intestine into another portion of the intestine below it ("telescoping of the bowel")
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| Children with Intussusception may have bowel movements containing blood and mucus and no feces. What are these called? | Currant-jelly stools
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| A child diagnosed with celiac disease must restrict foods containing what? | Gluten
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