Medications for Substance Abuse
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| What are the detoxification medications for alcohol? | Benzodiazepines:
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium
Diazepam (Valium)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
-These all maintain VS within normal limits; decrease risk of seizures; decrease intensity of symptoms
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| What are the detoxification medications for alcohol continued... | Adjunct Medications:
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Clonidine (Catapres)
Propranolol (Inderal)
-These all decrease seizures; depress the autonomic response; decrease the craving
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| What are the Abstinence maintenance medications for alcohol? | Disulfiram (Antabuse)
-Aversion behavioral therapy; avoid any products that contain alcohol; persist for 2 weeks following dicontinuation of disulfiram
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| What are the Abstinence maintenance medications for alcohol continued... | Naltrexone (ReVia)
-Suppresses the craving and pleasurable effects of alcohol (also used for opioid withdrawal)
Acamprosate (Campral)
-Decreases unpleasant effects resulting from abstinence (anxiety, restlessness)-diarrhea may result
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| What are the medications to support withdrawal/abstinence from opioids? | Methadone (Dolophine) Substitution
-Withdrawal and long-term maintenance; prevents abstinence syndrome from occuring
Clonidine (Catapres)
-Assists with withdrawal sxs (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting); causes dry mouth
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| What are the medications to support withdrawal/abstinence from opioids continued... | Buprenorphine (Subutex), Buprenorphine combined with Naloxone (Suboxone)
-Used for both detox and maintenance; decrease feelings of craving and may be effective in maintaining compliance.
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| What are the medications to support withdrawal/abstinence from nicotine? | Bupropion (Zyban)
-Decreases nicotine craving and symptoms of withdrawal
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (Nicotine Gum [Nicorette] and Nicotine Patch [Nicotrol])
-Substitutes for the nicotine in cigarettes or chewing tobacco.
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