structure of earth
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| DIRECT EVIDENCE | a personal, straightforward observation
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| INDIRECT EVIDENCE | a sign or circumstance that leads to a conclusion
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| SEISMIC WAVES | vibrations produced by earthquakes
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| SEISMOGRAPH | device for recording vibrations from earthquakes
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| SEISMOGRAM | paper or electronic record of earthquake vibrations
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| INNER CORE | the solid center of the Earth. The hottest and densest layer under the most pressure.
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| OUTER CORE | liquid layer of the Earth’s core
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| CRUST | outermost layer of the Earth; includes both the dry land and the ocean floor. It is thinnest beneath the oceans and thickest under high mountains.
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| RIGID | stiff
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| MANTLE | the layer of hot, mobile rock between the crust and core.
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| MOBILE | moving easily
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| LITHOSPHERE | a rigid layer formed by the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle.
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| PLATE | large moving section of lithosphere that contains continents and/or seafloor.
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| ASTHENOSPHERE | the softer, deeper layer of the mantle which can flow slowly.
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| MOLTEN | melted; changed to a liquid form by heating
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| CONVECTION CURRENTS | circular movements in the mantle caused by the difference in temperatures from the bottom to the top of the mantle. Hot columns of mantle (heated by Earth’s core) rise, and then cool and fall, and then are warmed again and rise.
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| COMPOSITION | the makeup of a substance (what ingredients it is made of).
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| DENSITY | mass per unit volume of a substance. Determined in part by how closely packed particles are. Increases from the Earth’s crust to the core.
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| PRESSURE | amount of force, or pressing, on a substance. Increases from the Earth’s crust to the core.
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| TEMPERATURE | degree of heat. Increases from the Earth’s crust to the core.
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