Microbiology
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| What types of organisms are included in the study of microbiology? | prions, viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
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| What other areas, besides pathogenesis, are included in the study of microbiology? | Biotechnology, gene therapy, food production, and genetic engineering
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| Describe food microbiology. | The production and study of microbes in the production of chees, wine, beer, and bread. Require bacteria and/or yeasts.
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| Describe Biotechnology | Uses microbes to make large quantities of useful items, such as antibiotics, vitamins, food supplements, and to degrade toxic materials.
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| Describe Genetic engineering. | Uses microbes to produce substances like human insulin or to replace defective genes.
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| Differentiate between parasites and hosts. | Parasites live in/on and causes damage to a different type of cell or organism. Host is the damaged organism on/in which the parasite lives.
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| Where do we find microorganisms? | In the air, soil, bodies of water, or all surfaces except materials that have been made sterile
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| Describe major contributions made to microbiology by Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. | The first to make a microscope and sbserve tiny rapidly swimming animalcules or microbes.
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| Describe major contributions made to microbiology by Edward Jenner. | Performed the world's first vaccination when he vaccinated 8 y/o James Phipps against smallpox. Recognized that vaccines could protect peopal from viral diseases.
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| Describe the major contributions made to microbiology by Ignaz Semmelweis. | Promoted the washing and antiseptic tx of hands. Developed techniques to prevent the spread of disease.
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| Describe the major contributions made to microbiology by Louis Pasteur. | Father of microbiology. Produced vaccines for anthrax and rabies. Discovered that microbes cause fermentations and convinced the scientific community that spontaneous generation was false.
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| Describe the major contributions made to microbiology by Robert Koch. | 1870's postulates for studying microbes 1) causative agent sx in all diseased animals, not others 2) need a pure culture of the agent 3) same sx noted in animals injected with pure culture 4) organism can be reisolated from second group of animals.
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| What was the basis for the belief in spontaneous generation? | The idea that microbes develop without any cellular percentage. A culture left out overnight was always contaminated the next day even though the median had been rigorously boiled and noone had inoculated it. Pastuer proved contamination came from air.
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