Sociology The Real World Stein Chapter 10

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Question

Answer

Person who has no interest in or desire for sex.

asexual

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Individuals who are sexually attracted to both genders.

bisexuals

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Proposed as an alternative to gay marriage; a form of legally recognized commitment that provides gay couples some of the benefits and protections of marriage.

civil unions

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Those who believe that notions of gender are socially determined, such that a dichotomous system is just one possibility among many.

constructionists

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Those who believe gender roles have a genetic or biological origin and therefore cannot be changed.

essentialists

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The position of the family member who provides emotional support and nurturing.

expressive role

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Belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes; also the social movements organized around that belief.

feminism

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The economic trend showing that women are more likely than men to live in poverty, caused in part by the gendered gap in wages, the higher proportion of single mothers compared to single fathers, and the increasing costs of childcare.

feminization of poverty

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The earliest period of feminist activism in the United States, including the period from the mid-nineteenth century until American women won the right to vote in 1920.

first wave

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The physical, behavioral, and personality traits that a group considers normal for its male and female members.

gender

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The roles and traits that a social group assigns to a particular gender.

gender identity

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The lifelong process of learning to be masculine or feminine, primarily through four agents of socialization: families, schools, peers, and the media.

gender role socialization

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Fear of or discrimination toward homosexuals or toward individuals who display purportedly gender-inappropriate behavior.

homophobia

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The tendency to feel sexual desire toward members of one's own gender.

homosexuality

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The extent, much debated in recent years, to which inherent physical differences define the distinctions between the two sexes.

human sexual dimorphism

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The position of the family member who provides the family's material support and is often an authority figure.

instrumental role

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Term to describe a person whose chromosomes or sex characteristics are neither exclusively male nor exclusively female.

intersexed

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A movement that originated in the 1970s to discuss the challenges of masculinity.

male liberationism

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An offshoot of male liberationism whose members believe that feminism promotes discrimination against men.

men's rights movement

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Literally meaning "rule of the father"; a male-dominated society.

patriarchy

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An offshoot of male liberationism whose members support feminism and believe that sexism harms both men and women.

pro-feminist men's movement

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A paradigm that proposes that categories of sexual identity are social constructs and that no sexual category is fundamentally either deviant or normal; this paradigm emphasizes the importance of difference and rejects as restrictive the idea of innate se

queer theory

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The unpaid housework and childcare often expected of women after they complete their day's paid labor.

second shift

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The period of feminist activity during the 1960s and 1970s often associated with the issues of women's equal access to employment and education.

second wave

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An individual's membership in one of two biologically distinct categories—male or female.

sex

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The inclination to feel sexual desire toward people of a particular gender or toward both genders.

sexual orientation

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The process of learning behaviors and meanings through social interaction.

social learning

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The movement organized around gaining voting rights for women.

suffrage movement

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The most recent period of feminist activity, focusing on issues of diversity and the variety of identities women can possess.

third wave

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Term describing an individual whose sense of gender identity is at odds with her or his physical sex but who has not necessarily sought sex-reassignment surgery.

transgendered

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Individuals who identify with the opposite sex and have surgery to alter their own sex so it fits their self-image.

transsexuals

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The inclination to be heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual is called:

sexual orientation

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The men's rights movement argues that __

that men are actually discriminated against and even oppressed in both the legal arena and in everyday life because of feminism.

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When a woman who works a full time job must also prepare the meals for the family and care for the children at night; she is experiencing what sociologists call:

the second shift

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The fact that men who hook up with several different women are praised with the primarily positive label of "player," while females who hook up with several different men are chastised with the negative label of "slut" is an example of:

double standard

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According to the textbook, what is feminism?

The belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes and the social movements organized around that belief.

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According to Talcott Parsons, the position of the family member who provides emotional support and nurturing is called the:

expressive role

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An essentialist sociologist would believe:

Gender roles have a genetic or biological origin and therefore cannot be changed.

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In Native American cultures, which of the following would be an example of a berdache?

A male who dressed as a woman and took on tasks such as cooking and cleaning.

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The economic trend showing that women are more likely than men to live in poverty is called:

the feminization of poverty

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According to the textbook, most mainstream sociologists use a/an _______ approach to gender.

constructionist

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According to the textbook, why is the term "homophobia" problematic?

It implies that the problems faced by gays and lesbians are the result of a few maladjusted individuals rather than the product of deeply institutionalized cultural values and norms.

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Newborn baby girls being given pink sleepers is an example of:

gender role socialization

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Which theoretical perspective generally believes that there are still social roles better suited to one gender than the other?

functionalism

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What was the cause most identified with the first wave of the women's movement?

the right to vote for women

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The theory about gender identity and sexuality that emphasizes the importance of difference and rejects as restrictive the idea of innate sexual identity is called:

queer theory

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__________ is one of the successful reforms achieved by the second wave of the women's movement?

legislation against sexual harassment and marital rape

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Which theoretical perspective emphasizes how gender is socially constructed and maintained in our everyday lives?

symbolic interactionism

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The term describing an individual whose sense of gender identity is at odds with her or his physical sex, but who has not necessarily sought sex-reassignment surgery is:

transgendered

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An individual who has an abnormal chromosomal makeup and mixed or indeterminate male and female sex characteristics is called:

intersexed

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____________________ is a sign of gender role socialization that occurs in schools:

When they do perform well, girls are typically credited for hard work rather than intellectual ability.

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___________ perspective believes that men have historically had access to most of society's material resources and privileges and sought to maintain their dominant status?

Which theoretical perspective believes that men have historically had access to most of society's material resources and privileges and sought to maintain their dominant status?

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________ refers to the physical, behavioral, and personality traits that a group considers normal for its male and female members

Gender

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Most sociologists use a ________ approach and see gender as a social construction and acknowledge the possibility that the male–female categories are not the only way of classifying individuals.

constructionist

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According to Talcott Parsons: Men were more suited for an _____________role (the person who provides the family’s material support and is often an authority figure).

instrumental

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______ emphasize how the concept of gender is socially constructed, maintained, and reproduced in our everyday lives.

Interactionists

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___________ theory suggests that the babies and children learn behaviors and meanings through social interaction and internalize the expectations of those around them.

Social learning

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The campaign organized around gaining voting rights for women was called the __________.

suffrage movement

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The __ wave was the period of feminist activity during the 1960s and 1970s often associated with the issues of women’s equal access to employment and education

second

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The ______ wave is the most recent period of feminist activity and focuses on issues of diversity and the variety of identities that women can possess.

third

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__________ is a group that feels that sexism harms both men and women and wants to fundamentally change society’s ideas about gender).

pro-feminist men’s movement

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____is a fear of or discrimination toward homosexuals or toward individuals who display purportedly gender-inappropriate behavior.

Homophobia

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