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radiation factors

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Question
Answer
show 200 rad  
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what dose of radiation can cause menstrual changes in women and decrees the number of sperm in a man?   show
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what dose of radiation will cause sterility?   show
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show directly along the course of the central ray  
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show * remove the unexposed silver bromide crystals * harden the emulsion  
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darker image means more   show
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as SID decreases, exposure rate _____ (inc or dec)   show
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show increases  
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T/F: female oogonia reproduce only during fetal life   show
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show true  
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T/F: both male and female stem cells reproduce only during fetal life   show
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show 50 rem  
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show 15 rem  
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how many rem per quarter?   show
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show 5  
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which of the following will require an increase in x-ray photon energy/pemetration? * fobrisarcoma * osteomalacia * paralytic ileus * ascites   show
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what is the formula for finding ESE?   show
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show beam splitter  
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what influences geometric unsharpness?   show
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as OID increases, magnification ____ (inc/dec)   show
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show directly  
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show inversley  
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as focal onject distance and SID decrease, magnification ____   show
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show small amount of measurable density on unexposed and processed film. it is a result of environmental, background radiation that is present during film manufacture, transport, and storage  
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show chemical fog base tint background radiation  
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which portion of the characteristic curve would most likely represent a density of 1.0   show
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show the speed, contrast, and exposure latitude of a particular film emulsion  
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show immediately after base-plus fog  
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show Dmax  
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show decreased density:  
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patient does increases as fluoroscopic FSS increases FSS decreases FOV increases FOV decreases   show
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show greater  
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show decreases  
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radiation output from the diagnostic xray tube is measured in what units?   show
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show radiation absorbed dose it measusres the energy deposited in any material  
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what is rem?   show
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show the SI unit of measurement for radioactivity  
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show will be greater than if it were delivered in increments  
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exposed silver halide crystals are changed to balck metallic silver by what?   show
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what keeps the emulsion swelling to a minimum?   show
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what is hydroquinone and phenidone?   show
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show activator  
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show it permits the use of lower mAs  
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show cracking the anode rotor bearing damage  
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if you can't achieve a short OID, what can you do to minimize magnification?   show
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show .1% the entrance dose; if the entrance dose for this image is 320mR, then the intensity 1m from the pt is .32 mR  
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what is the source of electrons withing the xray tube?   show
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show to porduce an xray beam with higher average energy;  
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what is the filtration on the primary beam?   show
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show .5 mm Al  
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show 1.0 mm Al  
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show primary beam glass envelope collimarot  
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show electronic image  
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what are the 4 tanks in the processor?   show
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show the exposed silver bromide crystals are reduced to black metallic silver  
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show the unexposed silver grains are removed from the film by the clearing agent  
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what happens in the wash section?   show
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what are stochastic effects of radiation?   show
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the chance occurance of stochastic effects is directly related to the ____ ____   show
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what are nonstochastic effects of radiation?   show
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primary radiation barriers must be at least how high?   show
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show restricting the x-ray beam as close to its source as possible  
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show beta, x, and gamma radiations  
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the ratio between the height of the lead strips and the width of the distance between them   show
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what is the formula for grid ratio   show
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which cell type has the least radiosensitivity in the adult human?   show
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show lymphocytes  
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the atomic number (Z) of the tissues is directly related to it's ______ _______   show
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differential absorption contirbutes to the various shades of ____?   show
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show 7.78  
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fat has an effective Z number of   show
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water has an effective Z number of   show
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muscle has an effective Z number of   show
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show 12.31  
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show FOV / matrix size  
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show decreased  
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show increases  
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pixel size is directly or inversley related to resolution   show
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show decreases  
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grid cut off due to off centering would result in ____   show
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show a relatively low-energy photon uses all its energy to eject an inner-shell electron, leaving a vacancy. An electron from the shell above drops down to fill the vacancy, and in doing so gives up a characteristic ray. most harmful to patients, trsfd to tis  
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show a high-energy incident photon ejects an outer-shell electron. In doing so, the incident photon is deflected with reduced energy, but it usually retains most of its energy and exits the body as an energetic scattered ray.  
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thompson scatter   show
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show lead walls and doors  
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primary barriers must be how high, and how many inches thick?   show
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what is secondary radiation?   show
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show portions of the wall above 7' the control booth  
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show 1/32th" o  
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what is the single most important factor regulating rad contrast is?   show
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the lower the kVp, the _____ the scale of contrast   show
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what is the primary source of scattered radiation?   show
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as the size of the irradiated field decreases, scattered radiation production and patient hazard ______ (inc or dec)   show
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show higher (shorter scale)  
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show low contrast  
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short scale   show
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what voltage ripple is produced by single-phase equipment?   show
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what is a photon   show
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show Hertz cycles per second 1 Hz = 1 cycle/s  
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what determines the quantity of flourescent light emitted from a flourescent screen?   show
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effective dose   show
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show to test timer efficiency full wave = 12 dots at 1/10s, 6 dots at .05s 10 dots at 1/12s, 3 dots at .025s for 3 phase, the size of the arc is measured and equated to exp time  
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rare earth phosphurs   show
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show significantly lower mAs  
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show Rad (Gy) the unit of absorbed does  
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show roentgen  
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radiation dose to biologic material   show
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show as the distance btwn the radiation source and the IR decreases, the exposure rate increases  
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show old mAs/new mAs = old distance / new distance  
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Voltage ripple   show
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show 1. that is occupied by people trained in radiation safety. 2.that is occupied by people who wear radiation monitors. 3.whose occupancy factor is 1.  
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show Fractional focal spot  
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show an interaction that occurs only at energies of 1.02MeV, and therefore it does not occur in daig rad  
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classical scatter   show
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Occupational exposure received by the radiographer is mostly from   show
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show increase voltage to the necessary kilovoltage It decreases the amperage to milliamperag  
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show lattitude  
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CR relationship between the exposure given the photostimulable phosphor (PSP) and it's resulting luminescence   show
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what affects recorded detail on traditional film/screen imaging   show
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show radiographic sharpness  
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show 50mSv 5 rem 5000 mrem  
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according to the NCRP, the annual whole body dose equivalent for students under the age of 18 yrs   show
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The annual occupational dose equivalent limit for the lens of the eye, a particularly radiosensitive organ, is   show
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show 500 mSv (50 rem or 50,000 mrem  
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show 5 mSv (0.5 rem or 500 mrem  
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The device used to test the accuracy of the x-ray timer is the   show
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show illustrates that as the target abgle decreases, the effective focal spot size decreases, providing improved recorded detail  
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show increases  
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LET refers to   show
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show decreased. a change from 100 to 200 speed usually requires the mAs be halved. 400 to 200 would require twice the mAs  
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show histogram  
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sensitometry   show
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densitometer   show
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show accumulation of crystallized solution on the rollers  
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show pentrometer densitometer  
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show aluminum step wedge used  
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brensstrahlung radiation   show
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