radiation factors
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | 200 rad
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| what dose of radiation can cause menstrual changes in women and decrees the number of sperm in a man? | show 🗑
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| what dose of radiation will cause sterility? | show 🗑
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| show | directly along the course of the central ray
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| show | * remove the unexposed silver bromide crystals
* harden the emulsion
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| show | optical density
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| as SID decreases, exposure rate _____ (inc or dec) | show 🗑
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| show | increases
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| show | true
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| T/F: male spermataogonia reproduce continuously | show 🗑
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| show | false; male repro continuously, female only during fetal life.
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| show | 50 rem
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| what is the annual dose-equivalent limit for the lense of the eye of an occupationally exposed | show 🗑
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| show | 3 rem
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| show | 5
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| which of the following will require an increase in x-ray photon energy/pemetration? * fobrisarcoma * osteomalacia * paralytic ileus * ascites | show 🗑
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| what is the formula for finding ESE? | show 🗑
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| show | beam splitter
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| show | OID
SOD
SID
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| show | increases
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| OID is directly or indirectly related to magnification? | show 🗑
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| show | inversley
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| as focal onject distance and SID decrease, magnification ____ | show 🗑
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| show | small amount of measurable density on unexposed and processed film. it is a result of environmental, background radiation that is present during film manufacture, transport, and storage
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| show | chemical fog
base tint
background radiation
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| show | straight-line portion
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| show | the speed, contrast, and exposure latitude of a particular film emulsion
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| what does the the toe of the characteristic curve represent | show 🗑
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| what does the shoulder portion of the characteristic curve represent | show 🗑
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| show | decreased density:
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| patient does increases as fluoroscopic FSS increases FSS decreases FOV increases FOV decreases | show 🗑
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| the shorter the SID, the ____ the skin dose | show 🗑
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| show | decreases
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| show | roentgen
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| show | radiation absorbed dose
it measusres the energy deposited in any material
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| what is rem? | show 🗑
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| show | the SI unit of measurement for radioactivity
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| show | will be greater than if it were delivered in increments
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| show | reducers
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| show | hardner
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| show | automatic processor developer agents
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| what provides the necessary alkalinity for the developer solutions? | show 🗑
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| how does the use of rare earth intensifying screens contribute to lowering the pt dose? | show 🗑
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| show | cracking the anode
rotor bearing damage
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| if you can't achieve a short OID, what can you do to minimize magnification? | show 🗑
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| what is the approximate intensity (quantity) of scattered radiation at 1 m from the patient? | show 🗑
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| what is the source of electrons withing the xray tube? | show 🗑
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| why is filtration added to the xray beam? | show 🗑
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| what is the filtration on the primary beam? | show 🗑
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| what amount of the filtration of the beam is accounted for in the glass envelope | show 🗑
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| what amount of filtration does the collimator provide? | show 🗑
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| what 3 methods of filtration are considered inherent filtration? | show 🗑
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| in digital imaging, xrays form an ______ ______ on the image receptor | show 🗑
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| show | 1. developer
2. fixer
3. wash
4. dryer
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| what happens in the developer tank? | show 🗑
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| show | the unexposed silver grains are removed from the film by the clearing agent
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| what happens in the wash section? | show 🗑
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| show | genetic alterations
carcinogenesis
nonthreshold and randomly occuring effevts
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| show | radiation dose
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| show | predictable, threshold responses; a certain amount of radiation must be received before the effect will occur, and the greater the does, the more sever the effect
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| primary radiation barriers must be at least how high? | show 🗑
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| off-focus or extra focal radiation may be minimized by ____ | show 🗑
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| the annual limit for occupationally exposed individuals is valid for what type of radiations? | show 🗑
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| the ratio between the height of the lead strips and the width of the distance between them | show 🗑
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| show | height of strips devided by the distance apart
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| which cell type has the least radiosensitivity in the adult human? | show 🗑
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| show | lymphocytes
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| show | attenuation coefficient
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| differential absorption contirbutes to the various shades of ____? | show 🗑
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| air has an effective Z number of _____ | show 🗑
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| show | 6.46
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| water has an effective Z number of | show 🗑
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| show | 7.64
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| bone has an effective Z number of | show 🗑
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| show | FOV / matrix size
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| show | decreased
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| show | increases
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| pixel size is directly or inversley related to resolution | show 🗑
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| as pixel size increases, resolution ______ | show 🗑
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| grid cut off due to off centering would result in ____ | show 🗑
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| show | a relatively low-energy photon uses all its energy to eject an inner-shell electron, leaving a vacancy. An electron from the shell above drops down to fill the vacancy, and in doing so gives up a characteristic ray. most harmful to patients, trsfd to tis
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| compton scatter | show 🗑
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| thompson scatter | show 🗑
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| what are examples of primary barriers? | show 🗑
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| primary barriers must be how high, and how many inches thick? | show 🗑
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| what is secondary radiation? | show 🗑
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| show | portions of the wall above 7'
the control booth
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| what is the required thickness of secondary radiation barriers? | show 🗑
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| show | kVp
the lower the kVp, the shorter the scale of contrast
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| show | shorter
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| what is the primary source of scattered radiation? | show 🗑
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| as the size of the irradiated field decreases, scattered radiation production and patient hazard ______ (inc or dec) | show 🗑
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| show | higher
(shorter scale)
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| show | low contrast
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| short scale | show 🗑
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| what voltage ripple is produced by single-phase equipment? | show 🗑
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| what is a photon | show 🗑
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| the Hz stands for ___ and represents _____ | show 🗑
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| what determines the quantity of flourescent light emitted from a flourescent screen? | show 🗑
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| show | equivalent whole body dose
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| spinning top test | show 🗑
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| rare earth phosphurs | show 🗑
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| using a rare earth phosphors allows the radiographer to use _______ | show 🗑
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| show | Rad (Gy)
the unit of absorbed does
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| quantity of ionization in the air | show 🗑
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| show | rem
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| inverse square law | show 🗑
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| inverse square law formula | show 🗑
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| Voltage ripple | show 🗑
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| controlled area | show 🗑
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| The use of which of the following is (are) essential in magnification radiography? 1. High-ratio grid 2. Fractional focal spot 3. Direct exposure film | show 🗑
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| show | an interaction that occurs only at energies of 1.02MeV, and therefore it does not occur in daig rad
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| classical scatter | show 🗑
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| Occupational exposure received by the radiographer is mostly from | show 🗑
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| show | increase voltage to the necessary kilovoltage
It decreases the amperage to milliamperag
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| one of the biggest advantages of CR/Dr is | show 🗑
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| show | linear
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| what affects recorded detail on traditional film/screen imaging | show 🗑
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| show | radiographic sharpness
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| according to the NCRP, the whole body dose equivalent limit is | show 🗑
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| show | 1 mSv
100 mrem
.01 rem
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| The annual occupational dose equivalent limit for the lens of the eye, a particularly radiosensitive organ, is | show 🗑
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| The annual occupational dose equivalent limit for the skin and extremities is | show 🗑
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| The total gestational dose equivalent limit for embryo/fetus of a pregnant radiographer | show 🗑
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| show | spinning top
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| show | illustrates that as the target abgle decreases, the effective focal spot size decreases, providing improved recorded detail
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| steep, small target angle increases or decreases the heel affect? | show 🗑
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| show | the rate at which energy is transferred from ionizing radiation to soft tissue
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| show | decreased.
a change from 100 to 200 speed usually requires the mAs be halved.
400 to 200 would require twice the mAs
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| show | histogram
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| show | method of quality control for daily monitoring of the automatic film processor
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| densitometer | show 🗑
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| crossover rollers should be cleaned daily to prevern | show 🗑
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| what is needed to construct a sensitometric curve | show 🗑
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| pentrometer | show 🗑
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| brensstrahlung radiation | show 🗑
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jenorton1
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