radiation factors
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show | 200 rad
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what dose of radiation can cause menstrual changes in women and decrees the number of sperm in a man? | show 🗑
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what dose of radiation will cause sterility? | show 🗑
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show | directly along the course of the central ray
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show | * remove the unexposed silver bromide crystals
* harden the emulsion
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darker image means more | show 🗑
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as SID decreases, exposure rate _____ (inc or dec) | show 🗑
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show | increases
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T/F: female oogonia reproduce only during fetal life | show 🗑
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show | true
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T/F: both male and female stem cells reproduce only during fetal life | show 🗑
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show | 50 rem
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show | 15 rem
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how many rem per quarter? | show 🗑
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show | 5
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which of the following will require an increase in x-ray photon energy/pemetration? * fobrisarcoma * osteomalacia * paralytic ileus * ascites | show 🗑
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what is the formula for finding ESE? | show 🗑
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show | beam splitter
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what influences geometric unsharpness? | show 🗑
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as OID increases, magnification ____ (inc/dec) | show 🗑
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show | directly
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show | inversley
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as focal onject distance and SID decrease, magnification ____ | show 🗑
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show | small amount of measurable density on unexposed and processed film. it is a result of environmental, background radiation that is present during film manufacture, transport, and storage
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show | chemical fog
base tint
background radiation
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which portion of the characteristic curve would most likely represent a density of 1.0 | show 🗑
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show | the speed, contrast, and exposure latitude of a particular film emulsion
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show | immediately after base-plus fog
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show | Dmax
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show | decreased density:
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patient does increases as fluoroscopic FSS increases FSS decreases FOV increases FOV decreases | show 🗑
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show | greater
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show | decreases
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radiation output from the diagnostic xray tube is measured in what units? | show 🗑
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show | radiation absorbed dose
it measusres the energy deposited in any material
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what is rem? | show 🗑
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show | the SI unit of measurement for radioactivity
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show | will be greater than if it were delivered in increments
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exposed silver halide crystals are changed to balck metallic silver by what? | show 🗑
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what keeps the emulsion swelling to a minimum? | show 🗑
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what is hydroquinone and phenidone? | show 🗑
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show | activator
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show | it permits the use of lower mAs
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show | cracking the anode
rotor bearing damage
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if you can't achieve a short OID, what can you do to minimize magnification? | show 🗑
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show | .1% the entrance dose;
if the entrance dose for this image is 320mR, then the intensity 1m from the pt is .32 mR
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what is the source of electrons withing the xray tube? | show 🗑
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show | to porduce an xray beam with higher average energy;
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what is the filtration on the primary beam? | show 🗑
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show | .5 mm Al
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show | 1.0 mm Al
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show | primary beam
glass envelope
collimarot
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show | electronic image
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what are the 4 tanks in the processor? | show 🗑
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show | the exposed silver bromide crystals are reduced to black metallic silver
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show | the unexposed silver grains are removed from the film by the clearing agent
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what happens in the wash section? | show 🗑
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what are stochastic effects of radiation? | show 🗑
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the chance occurance of stochastic effects is directly related to the ____ ____ | show 🗑
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what are nonstochastic effects of radiation? | show 🗑
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primary radiation barriers must be at least how high? | show 🗑
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show | restricting the x-ray beam as close to its source as possible
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show | beta, x, and gamma radiations
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the ratio between the height of the lead strips and the width of the distance between them | show 🗑
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what is the formula for grid ratio | show 🗑
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which cell type has the least radiosensitivity in the adult human? | show 🗑
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show | lymphocytes
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the atomic number (Z) of the tissues is directly related to it's ______ _______ | show 🗑
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differential absorption contirbutes to the various shades of ____? | show 🗑
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show | 7.78
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fat has an effective Z number of | show 🗑
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water has an effective Z number of | show 🗑
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muscle has an effective Z number of | show 🗑
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show | 12.31
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show | FOV / matrix size
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show | decreased
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show | increases
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pixel size is directly or inversley related to resolution | show 🗑
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show | decreases
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grid cut off due to off centering would result in ____ | show 🗑
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show | a relatively low-energy photon uses all its energy to eject an inner-shell electron, leaving a vacancy. An electron from the shell above drops down to fill the vacancy, and in doing so gives up a characteristic ray. most harmful to patients, trsfd to tis
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show | a high-energy incident photon ejects an outer-shell electron. In doing so, the incident photon is deflected with reduced energy, but it usually retains most of its energy and exits the body as an energetic scattered ray.
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thompson scatter | show 🗑
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show | lead walls and doors
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primary barriers must be how high, and how many inches thick? | show 🗑
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what is secondary radiation? | show 🗑
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show | portions of the wall above 7'
the control booth
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show | 1/32th" o
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what is the single most important factor regulating rad contrast is? | show 🗑
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the lower the kVp, the _____ the scale of contrast | show 🗑
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what is the primary source of scattered radiation? | show 🗑
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as the size of the irradiated field decreases, scattered radiation production and patient hazard ______ (inc or dec) | show 🗑
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show | higher
(shorter scale)
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show | low contrast
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short scale | show 🗑
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what voltage ripple is produced by single-phase equipment? | show 🗑
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what is a photon | show 🗑
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show | Hertz
cycles per second
1 Hz = 1 cycle/s
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what determines the quantity of flourescent light emitted from a flourescent screen? | show 🗑
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effective dose | show 🗑
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show | to test timer efficiency
full wave = 12 dots at 1/10s, 6 dots at .05s 10 dots at 1/12s, 3 dots at .025s
for 3 phase, the size of the arc is measured and equated to exp time
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rare earth phosphurs | show 🗑
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show | significantly lower mAs
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show | Rad (Gy)
the unit of absorbed does
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show | roentgen
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radiation dose to biologic material | show 🗑
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show | as the distance btwn the radiation source and the IR decreases, the exposure rate increases
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show | old mAs/new mAs = old distance / new distance
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Voltage ripple | show 🗑
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show | 1. that is occupied by people trained in radiation safety.
2.that is occupied by people who wear radiation monitors.
3.whose occupancy factor is 1.
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show | Fractional focal spot
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show | an interaction that occurs only at energies of 1.02MeV, and therefore it does not occur in daig rad
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classical scatter | show 🗑
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Occupational exposure received by the radiographer is mostly from | show 🗑
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show | increase voltage to the necessary kilovoltage
It decreases the amperage to milliamperag
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show | lattitude
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CR relationship between the exposure given the photostimulable phosphor (PSP) and it's resulting luminescence | show 🗑
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what affects recorded detail on traditional film/screen imaging | show 🗑
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show | radiographic sharpness
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show | 50mSv
5 rem
5000 mrem
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according to the NCRP, the annual whole body dose equivalent for students under the age of 18 yrs | show 🗑
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The annual occupational dose equivalent limit for the lens of the eye, a particularly radiosensitive organ, is | show 🗑
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show | 500 mSv (50 rem or 50,000 mrem
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show | 5 mSv (0.5 rem or 500 mrem
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The device used to test the accuracy of the x-ray timer is the | show 🗑
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show | illustrates that as the target abgle decreases, the effective focal spot size decreases, providing improved recorded detail
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show | increases
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LET refers to | show 🗑
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show | decreased.
a change from 100 to 200 speed usually requires the mAs be halved.
400 to 200 would require twice the mAs
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show | histogram
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sensitometry | show 🗑
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densitometer | show 🗑
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show | accumulation of crystallized solution on the rollers
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show | pentrometer
densitometer
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show | aluminum step wedge used
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brensstrahlung radiation | show 🗑
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