chapter 8 vocabulary words
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| Incumbent | The person currently in office
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| Coattails | the tendency of lesser known or weaker candidates to profit in an election by the presence on the ticket of a more popular candidate
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| Political action committee (PAC) | A community set up by and representing a corporation, labor union, or special interest group that raises and spends campaign contributions on behalf of one or more candidates or causes.
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| malapportionment | drawing the boundaries of political districts so that the districts are very unequal in population
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| gerrymandering | drawing the boundaries of political districts in bazaar an unusual spaces to make it easy for candidates of the party of power to win elections of those districts
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| sophomore surge | an increase in the votes that congretional candidates usually get when they first run for re-election
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| position issue | an issue dividing the electorate on which rival parties adopt different policy positions to attract voters
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| valance issues | an issue on which voters distinguish rival parties by the degree to which they associate each party or candidate with conditions goals or symbols the electorate universally approves or disapproves of
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| general election | an election used to fill an elective office
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| primary election | an election prior to the general election in which voters select the candidates who will run on each parties ticket
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| closed primary | A primary election limited to registered party members.
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| open primary | a primary election that permits voters to choose on election day the primary in which they wish to vote
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| blanket primary | a primary election that permits all voters regardless of parties to choose candidates
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| run-off primary | a second primary election held in some states when no candidate receives a majority of the votes in the first primary
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| presidential primary | held to select delegates to the presidential nominating conventions of the major parties
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| independent expenditure | spending by politcal action committees on political matters that is done directly and not by giving money to a candidate or party
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| soft money | funds solicited from individuals, corporations, and unions that are spent on party activities such as voter registration campaigns and voting drives rather than on a specific candidate. These funds need not to be reported to the fed. elec. comm.
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| prospective voting | voting for a candidate because one favors his or her ideas for addressing issues after the election
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| retrospective voting | voting for or against the candidate or party in office because one likes or dislikes how things have gone in the past.
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| Federal Matching Funds | funds provided by the federal government dollar for dollar for all monies raised for individual donors who contribute no more than $250. To be eligible candidate must raise $5000 in 20 states in contributions of $250 or less
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| Front loaded Campaigns | primary elections & caucuses held in advance of the general election. By moving their primaries to early dates, states hope to lend decisive momentum to one or two presidential candidates and thus have disproportionate influence on each party’s nomination
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| Hard Money | Hard money is regulated by law and can be used to influence the outcome of federal elections — that is, to advocate the election of specific candidates
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| Super Tuesday | On March 9,a group of southern states banded together to hold the first large effective regional group of primaries in order to boost the importance of southern states in the presidential nomination process & lessen the impact of early votes in the NH pri
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| straw poll | An unofficial vote that is used either to predict the outcome of an official vote, or to gauge the relative strength of candidates for office in a future election
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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