Body Mechanics and Patient Mobility
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| Abduction | Movement of an extremity away from the midline of the body.
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| Adduction | Movement of an extremity toward the axis of the body.
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| Alignment | Relationship of various body parts to one another.
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| Base of Support | Area on which an object rests; a stance with the feet slightly apart.
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| Body Mechanics | Physiologic study of the muscular actions and the functions of muscles in maintaining the posture of the body.
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| Compartment Syndrome | Pathologic condition caused by progressive development of arterial compression and reduced blood supply to an extremity.
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| Contracture | Abnormal, usually permanent condition of a joint characterized by flexion and fixation and caused by atrophy and shortening of muscle fibers.
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| Dorsal (supine) | Lying Horizontally on the back.
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| Dorsal Recumbent | Supine position with patient lying on the back, with head, shoulders, and extremeties moderately flexed and legs extended.
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| Dorsiflexion | Bending or flexing backward, as in upward bending of the fingers, wrist, foot, or toes.
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| Extension | Movement allowed by certain joints of the skeleton that increases the angle between two adjoining bones.
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| Flexion | Movement of certain joints that decreases the angle between two adjoining bones.
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| Fowler's | posture assumed by patent when head of bed is raised 45 to 60 degrees.
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| Genupectoral | Patient kneels so weight of body is supported by knees and chest.
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| Hyperextension | Position of maximum extension; extreme or abnormal stretching.
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| Immobility | inablility to move around freely, caused by any condition in which movement is impaired or therapeutically restricted.
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| Joint | Any one of the connections between bones.
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| Lithotomy (Position) | patient lies supine with the hips and knees flexed and thighs abducted and rotated externally (sometimes feet are positioned in stirrups)
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| Mobility | A person's ability to move around freely in his or her environment.
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| Othopneic | Pertaining to the posture assumed by the patient sitting up in bed at a 90-degree angle; patient may also lean forward supported by a pillow or over a bed table.
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| Physical Disuse Syndrome | State at which an individual is at risk for deterioration of body systems as the result of prescribed or unavoidable inactivity.
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| Pronation | Palm of had turned down
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| Prone | lying face down on the abdomen.
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| Range-of-Motion (ROM) | Normal movement that any given joint is capable of making.
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| Semi-Fowler's | The position a patient assumes while lying in bed; the head of the bed is reaised to aboit 30 degrees and the foot of the bed is raised slightly.
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| Sims' | Lying on the left side with the right knee and thigh drawn upward toward the chest; the chest and abdomen are allowed to fall forward.
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| Supination | Kind of rotation that allows the palm of the hand to turn up.
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| Trendelenburg | A position in which the patient is lying supine with the head lower than the body and legs elevated and on an incline.
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| The nurse is assigned to care for an 82-year old patient who weighs 252 pounds and is a bilateral below the knee amputee. What is the safest way to transfer this patient from bed to chair? | A hydraulic lift with a Hoyer sling.
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| If you are assisting a patient ambulate and they become weak and complain of feeling faint and begin to fall, what is the most appropirate action a nurse should do to prevent patient injury? | Support the patient while falling and allow them to sit on the floor.
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| What are the proper body mechanincs a nurse should use when picking up an item from the floor? | Lower his or her body by flexing the knees and bending the hips.
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| A 72-year old patient with a stroke has slid to the foot of the bed. To use appropriate body mechanics, the nurse maintains a wide base of support and faces the patient in the direction of movement. Does this allow the nurse to exert less physical effort? | Yes
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| What is an importing repostioning concern, for a patient that has had a total hip relacement? | Body alignment.
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| What is the preferred position for a patient, when the nurse needs to insert a foley catheter into the bladder? | Lithotomy
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| What change of position technique requires that the neck and spine of the patient are in straight alignment while the patient position is changed? | Log-Rolling
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| The nurse and an assistant are to move a dependent patient from the supine to the lateral position and will move the patient to the ___________of the bed first. | Center
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| An older adult patient has been lying in the supine position for 3 hours and tells the nurst the that she is too uncomfortable to move right now. The nurse will assess the patients need for _______ _____________ before helping her change postion. | pain medication
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| The principle of good body mechanics includes maintaining a _______base of support and _________at the knees. | wide/bending
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| A patient becomes faint while sitting on the side of the bed. To prevent injury to the patient, the nurse will lay the patient _________ ___________ and __________ the head | straight back/support
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| After a patient has surgery and the nurse is getting the patient out of bed for the first time, a nursing diagnosis related to the safety of the patient would be what? | Risk for activity intolerance.
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| What is the device that allows a patient to pull up with the upper extemeties to raise their trunk off the bed to assist with a transfer from a bed to wheelchair, or perform upper arm exercises? | Trapeze bar
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| A necessay safety precaustion when helping a patient to ambulate is to have the patient wear no shoes. True or false | False, the patient should wear well-fitting rubber-soled shoes or slippers.
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| Active and passive ROM exercises benefit the patient by preventing what? | Contractures.
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| What can a footboard help prevent? | plantar flexion of the foot (Foot Drop)
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| When using a drawsheet to assist in moving a patient up in bed, the nurse should as the patient to do what? | Maintain a straight body position.
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| What are some important considerations regarding mobility to keep in mind with older adults. | -Skin in more fragile and susceptible to injury. -support their joint when moving them in bed. -aging affects flexiblity and joint mobility. -weakness and hypotension are common s/sx in an older adult on bed rest. -orthostatic hypotension -positions
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| When moving a patient, what are some body mechanincs to consider? | -adequate help or use mechanical aid -encourage patient to assist as much as possible -alignment of back, neck, pelvis, and feet -flex knees; keep feet slightly apart -use arms and legs, not back. -slide pt. toward yourself using pull sheet
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| Correct use of body mechanics states the feet should be___ to ___ inches apart. | 6 to 8
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| Flexing the knees slightly in the correct use of body mechanics prevents what? | Hyperextension.
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| What are some ways to protect you and the patient from injury while utilizing proper body mechanics? | -carry objects close to midline of body -avoid reaching too far -avoid lifting when other means of movement are available -use devices(if available) -use alternating periods of rest and activity.
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| What are 5 purposes of mobility? | -express emotion -self defense -attaining basic needs -perfrom recreational activity -completing ADL
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| Mobility is fundamental to maintianing the body's normal ____________activity. | physiologic
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| Name some complications of immobility | -muscle and bone atrophy -contractures -pressure ulcers -constipation and UTI -Insomnia -Anorexia -thrombophebitis
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| What are some interventions that can be used to prevent complications of immobility? | -Reposition at least every 2 hours -fluid intake -well-balanced diet -transfer patients carefully;body alignment -prevent deformities (i.e...footboard) -progressive ambulation -antiembolism
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| What are some assitive devices for proper positioning? | pillow, foot boots, trochanter roll, sandbag, hand roll, hand-wrist splint, trapeze bar, side rail, bed board, & wedge pillow.
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| What is a major monitoring responsiblity of nurses? | To monitor frequently the neurovascular function, circulation, movement, and sensation (CMS) assessment.
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| When assessing neurovascular function, the nurse should check what? | -skin for color -temperature -movement -sensation -pulses -capillary refill -pain
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| Ischemic tissue necrosis is likely to occur within __ to __ hours in a case of compartment syndrome. | 4 to 8 hours unless the pressure is releived and the compartment syndrome is reversed.
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| What are the six P's | S/SX of compartment syndrome -pain -parethesias -pallor -pulse absent -paralysis -palpated tense tissue
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losmica
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