Definitions
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| Scoliosis | lateral curvature of the spine
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| Kyphosis | Convex curvature of the spine
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| Erythema | Redness of the skin
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| Pectus Carinatum | Anterior protrusion of the sternum
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| Tactile Fremitus | Vibrations that are felt by the hand on the chest wall
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| Pectus Excavatum | Depression of part or all of the sternum
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| Vocal Fremitus | Voice vibrations on the chest wall
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| Crepitus | Bubbles of air under the skin, often represents the presence of subcutaneous emphysema
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| Obtunded | Drowsy state, decreased cough or gag reflex
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| General Malaise | Run down, not feeling well, weakness, fatigue, headache.
Related to electrolyte imbalance
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| Orthopnea | difficulty breathing except while in the upright position
Related to cardiac problems
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| Pack Years | # of packs/day x # of years smoked
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| New Ballard Score | Estimates gestational age in low birth weight infants
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| Bruits | Sounds made in an artery or vein when blood flow becomes turbulent or at abnormal speed.
Hear over carotid artery
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| Murmur | Blood is pushed through an abnormal opening such as arterial septum or PDA
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| Acid | Any compound that is a proton (H+) Donor
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| PEFR | Peak expiratory Flow Rate
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| Base | Any compound that accepts a proton
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| Platypnea | Difficulty in breathing when erect, relieved by lying down.
Disease: Chronic Liver
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| Diffuse | Spread throughout
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| Bronchogram | Injection of radio-opaque contrast into tracheobronchial tree
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| Radiolucent | Dark pattern, air (Normal)
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| Hyperlucency | Extra pulmonary air
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| Radiodense/Opacity | White pattern, solid, fluid
Normal for bones, organs
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| Oblique | slanting or diagonal view
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| Apical Lordotic | projection of lung apices
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| Cachectic | muscle wasting
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| Kussmaul's | increased respiratory rate, usually associated with metabolic acidosis
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| Apneustic | prolonged gasping inspiration followed by extremely short, insufficient expiration
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| Babinski Reflex | A neurologic test used to evaluate the brainstem and spinal function. Performed by stroking the sole of the foot and reaction of the toes
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| BCG Vaccine | TB vaccination
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| Colloid Osmotic Pressure | A test used to evaluate the cause of edema
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| Elict vomiting | Induced vomiting with ipecac syrup 15-30ml may be repeated in 15-30 min.
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| Gag Reflex | One of the first reflexes to disappear in a drug overdose, anesthetized or myasthenia gravis patient.
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| Hering-Breuer Reflex | A stretch reflex which limits inhalation, loss of this causes prolonged slow deep breathing.
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| Inductive plethsymography | used in sleep studies to monitor chest motion.
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| Inotropic Agents | Drugs that increase the contraction of the heart muscle.
Digitalis and Digoxin
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| Moro Reflex | A reflex in which an infant draws their arms across the chest in response to stimuli by striking the surface of the infant rests on.
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| Mueller Maneuver | A forced inspiratory effort against a closed glottis
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| Tensilon Test | Diagnostic test for myasthenia gravis
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| WOB | WORK OF BREATHING
CHANGE IN PRESSURE X CHANGE IN VOLUME
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| ASSIST MODE | PATIENT INITIATES ALL BREATHS
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| CONTROL MODE | VENTILATOR WILL INITIATE BREATHS AT PRESET RATE
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| ASSIST/CONTROL MODE | ALLOWS PATIENT TO SET RR VENT MAINTAINS A MINIMUM RATE
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| SIMV MODE | ALLOWS PATIENT TO BREATHE SPONTANEOUSLY. VENT PROVIDES A MINIMUM MIN. VENTILATION.
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| PCV PRESSURE CONTROL | PRESSURE CONTROLLED BREATHS
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| IRV | INVERSE RATIO VENTILATION
PRESSURE OR VOLUME CONTROLLED BREATHS WITH AN INVERSE I:E RATIO
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