BC3 - Hematology Problems
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What 3 ways can a body have anemia | Decreased production of RBC's; Blood Loss; Increased RBC destruction
🗑
|
||||
| Anemia r/t decreased production of RBC's | Decreased hemoglobin synthesis - bone marrow is not producing enough
Defective DNA synthesis - congenital (ex: Sicle cell & thalesemia)
🗑
|
||||
| Anemia r/t blood loss | Acute (ex: car wreck)
Chronic (ex: GI Bleeds in elderly; menstruating women)
🗑
|
||||
| Anemia r/t increased RBC destruction | (the body destroys)
Intrinsic - congenital (ex: sicle cell - genetic)
Extrinsic - chemotherapy - meds - radiation
🗑
|
||||
| Physiologic Effects of Anemia | Result from tissue hypoxia and compensatory mech - (^HR); Dec O2-casrrying capacity of blood; Hgb give up O2 easier to tissues; Blood goes to vital organs first; Inc cardiac output ^HR, ^BP; Inc rate of RBC production
🗑
|
||||
| Hbg Level of Mild Anemia | 10-14
🗑
|
||||
| S/S of mild anemia | Palpitations, dyspnes, diaphoresis
🗑
|
||||
| Hgb Level of Moderate Anemia | 6-10
🗑
|
||||
| S/S of Moderate Anemia | Inc. Cardiopulmonary s/s - chest pain; Pallor, Jaundice, Pruritis, Changes in fingernails - spoon-shaped, pale nail beds
🗑
|
||||
| Cardiopulmonary changes r/t anemia | Tachycardia, Tachypnea, dyspnea
🗑
|
||||
| Cardiopulmonary changes r/t anemia with prolonged chronic anemia | Murmurs, bruit in carotid, Angina, MI, CHF
🗑
|
||||
| Neurologic Changes r/t anemia | HA because of lack of O2, Vertigo, Mood changes, Impaired through process
🗑
|
||||
| GI Changes r/t anemia | Anorexia, Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
🗑
|
||||
| Musculosketal Changes r/t anemia | Bone pain because bone marrow is stimulated and is making more RBC
🗑
|
||||
| General s/s of anemia | Fatigue, weight loss, lethargy, sensitivity to cold
🗑
|
||||
| Etiology of Iron Deficiency Anemia | Inadequate dietary intake
Malabsorption
Blood loss & not replacing it; Over time - GI bleed
Hemolysis - breaking down cells too quickly
🗑
|
||||
| Nutrients needed for erythropoiesis | Iron, Vitamin B 12 - cobalamin, Folic Acid, Proteins, Enzymes, Minerals - Fe & Calcium
🗑
|
||||
| Nursing Implications of Iron Preps | Absorbed best in acidic environment, Cause GI Upset, Liq preps stain teeth, Constipation, Black, Tarry stools; IV preferred(irritating) but can be given Z-track)
🗑
|
||||
| Most important nursing diagnosis r/t anemia | Risk for Injury!!
🗑
|
||||
| Thalassemia | patient's make defective protein; cells are being broken down (^jaundice); Mediterranean ethnic groups
🗑
|
||||
| Thalassemia Minor | Recessive trait - little bit
🗑
|
||||
| Thalassemia Major | Poor Prognosis
🗑
|
||||
| Aplastic Anemia | Rare stem cell disorder; do not produce WBC, RBC or Platelets; Can be congenital or acquired
🗑
|
||||
| S/S of Aplastic Anemia | S/S of anemia, Bleeding, Infection
🗑
|
||||
| Etiology of Acquired Aplastic Anemia | Radiation, Chemicals, Drugs, Chemo drugs, Infection, Pregnancy, Idiopathic
🗑
|
||||
| Dx of Aplastic Anemia | A bone marrow that is called a "dry tap"
🗑
|
||||
| Tx of Aplastic Anemia | Bone marrow transplantation/ immunosuppressant drugs
🗑
|
||||
| Anemia Caused by Blood loss can be both | acute & chronic
🗑
|
||||
| Acute blood loss r/t anemia can cause | Hypovolemic shock (see dramatic symptoms); decreased O2 carrying capacity (ex: car accident)
🗑
|
||||
| Anemia caused by chronic blood loss | depletion of iron stores - body compensates (ex: GI bleed, heavy periods)
🗑
|
||||
| Def of Hemolytic Anemia | anemia caused by increased erythrocyte destruction
🗑
|
||||
| Etiology of Hemolytic Anemia | (NOT Fe Deficiency) Premature destruction of RBC
Increased hematopoeisis
Increased reticulocytes
Normochromic, normocytic RBC's
🗑
|
||||
| Causes of Hemolytic Anemia can be | intrinsic and extrinsic
🗑
|
||||
| Causes of Intrinsic Hemolytic Anemia | RBC membrane defects, Hgb structure defect, Inherited enzyme defects
🗑
|
||||
| Causes of Extrinsic Hemolytic Anemia | Drugs, chemicals, toxins, trauma, burns
🗑
|
||||
| Definition of Sickle Cell Anemia | Homozygous recessive heredity - have to have 2 parents carry trait; African American
🗑
|
||||
| Pathophysiology of Sickle Cell Anemia | Decreased O2 tension, have abnormal Hgb, RBC's enlongated and obstruct capillaries - get stuck - occludes circulation; Ischemia and infarction
🗑
|
||||
| Manifestations of Sickle Cell | Classic s/s of anemia, Damage to organs - heart, lungs, kidneys, Priapism, Hand-foot syndrome, Susceptible to infection
🗑
|
||||
| Priapism | penile erection that won't go away - painful
🗑
|
||||
| Dactylitis | effect on hands/feet - malformed
🗑
|
||||
| Manifestations of Sickle Cell in Children | Small, short, thin, Delayed growth & development, Acute splenic sequestration, Dactylitis
🗑
|
||||
| Acute splenic sequestration | Blood gets trapped in spleen - spleen enlarges - goes into shock and can die in 30 minutes (under age 2)
🗑
|
||||
| Sickle Cell patient's can develop | blindness, Stroke, chest/abd pain, painful joints, freq. pneumonia, enlarged hearet, fever
🗑
|
||||
| Triggers of a Sickle Cell Crisis | Hypoxia, Dehydration, Infection, Overexertion, Anesthesia, Weather changes, Alcohol, Smoking
🗑
|
||||
| Tx of Sickle Cell Crisis | HOP - Hydration, Oxygenation, Pain Relief
🗑
|
||||
| Manifestations of a Sickle Cell Crisis | INTENSE PAIN, fever, Tissue hypoxia - - tissue pain & death
🗑
|
||||
| Dx of Sickle Cell Anemia | Peripheral smeal, Sickle cell preparation, Hemoglobin electrophoresis
🗑
|
||||
| Care for Patient with Sickle Cell Anemia | Rest, Analgesia, Oxygen, Hydration, Treat precipating factors, Hydroxyures, Transfusion tx if Hgb dec., Therapeutic apheresis
🗑
|
||||
| General management of Sickle Cell Anemia | Vaccination against everything, Hydration, Trigger avoidance, Prophylactic antibiotics, Bone marrow transplant, Client education, Good nutrition
🗑
|
||||
| Polycythemia means | many cells - affects all cells
🗑
|
||||
| Patho of Polycythemia | Myeloproliferative disorder - bone marrow; Increased production of cells, Increased blood viscosity & volume, Congestion of organs/tissue; splenomegaly
🗑
|
||||
| S/S of Polycythemia Vera | Hypertension, HA, Tinnitus, Blurred vision, Cyanosis, Plethora, Fatigue, Pruritus, Pain in extremities, Night sweats, Wt. Loss, Epistaxis, GI bleeding, Dizziness
🗑
|
||||
| Complications of Polycythemia | CHF, CVA, Thrombophlebitis, Hemorrhage, Hyperuricemia
🗑
|
||||
| Dx tests for Polycythemia | ^ H/H, ^WBC, basophilia, ^platelets & platelet dysfunction, ^alkaline phos, uric acid, cobalamin, ^ histamine
🗑
|
||||
| Care for a patient with Polycythemia | Phlebotomy - bleed them, Hydration, Bone marrow suppressant drugs, anti-immune drugs, Allopurinol, anti-platelets
🗑
|
||||
| Nursing care for a patient with Polycythemia | Control of COPD, Phlebotomy, Fluid management, safe medication mgmt, Prevention of thrombus formation
🗑
|
||||
| Primary Polycythemia affects | all cells
🗑
|
||||
| Secondary Polycythemia affects | RBC's only - NO itching, NO bleeding, Elevated Hct
🗑
|
||||
| Secondary Polycythemia occurs from | COPD because the lack of O2 causes increaased RBC production
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
okrecota
Popular Nursing sets