Hip Anatomy
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| What are the intra-articular structures of the hip? | Synovium, articular-cartilage, ligamentum teres, acetabular labrum
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| What area of the articular cartilage is thickest in the hip? | Anterio-superiorly = primary weight bearing area
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| What bones make up the innominate bone of the acetabulum? | ilium, ishium, & pubis
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| The acetabulum is covered by what type of cartilage? What specific part is not covered by this specific cartilage? | Hyaline cartilage, fovea capitis
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| The fovea capitis contains what ligament? What artery supplies this area? | Ligamentum teres, obturator artery
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| What is the wedge-shaped fibrocartilage and connective tissue ring that rims the periphery of the acetabulum? | Acetabular labrum
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| To allow for extension, the labrum is thinner in what direction? | anterior
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| Is the labrum thought to be vascular or avascular? | avascular
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| What is the function of the acetabulum? | 1. deepens the acetabulum
2. reduces contact stress or force per unit area by increasing contact area and distributing load
3. provide proprioceptive feedback and enhances joint stability (negative-intra-articular pressure)labrum "grasps" the femoral he
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| What bone is the strongest and longest? | femur
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| What fraction of the femoral head articulates with acetabulum? | 2/3
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| What plane does hip flexion/extension occur in? | sagittal
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| Hip flexion ROM? | 0 - 140
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| Hip extension ROM ? | 0-45
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| Arthrokinematics of hip flexion? | spin with posterior glide of femoral glide head on acetabulum
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| Arthrokinematics of hip extension? | spin with anterior glide
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| What plane does hip abduction occur in? | frontal plane
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| Hip abd ROM? | 0-40
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| Arthrokinematics of hip abd? | inferior glide
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| what plane does hip IR and ER occur in? | transverse
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| Hip IR ROM? | 0-40
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| Hip ER ROM? | 0-45
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| Arthrokinematics of hip IR? | posterior glide
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| Arthrokinematics of hip ER? | anterior glide
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| Is the angle of inclination more or less in a newborn? | More, 140-150 degrees
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| What is the angle of inclination in a normal adult male? | 125 degrees
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| What is the angle of inclination in a normal adult female? | 110-115
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| Definition of coxa valga? | angle of inclination is greater than 125 degrees
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| Does coxa valga or coxa vara predispose you to hip OA? | coxa valga
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| what promotes hip dislocation and lengthens the limb (coxa valga or vara)? | coxa valga
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| Does the normal joint reaction force have a medial or lateral bias at the hip? | medial bias
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| Coxa valga causes the hip to have a _______ bias at the hip? | lateral
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| What are the 3 related postures you will see in someone with coxa valga | 1. ipsilateral genu varus (knee)
2. longer ipsilateral leg
3. posterior pevlic rotation
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| What are the possible compensations of coxa valga? | 1. ipsilateral pronation
2. contralateral supination
3. contralateral plantarflexion
4. ipsilateral recurvatum
5. ipsilateral anterior pelvic rotation
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| Definition of coxa vara? | angle is less than 125 degrees
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| What increases stability, shortens the limb and causes a greater incidence of femoral neck fractures (coxa valga or vara)? | Coxa vara
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| What are the 3 related postures of coxa vara? | 1. ipsilateral genu valgus (knee)
2. shortened ipsilateral leg
3. anterior pelvic rotation
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| What are the possible compensations with coxa vara? | 1. ipsilateral supination
2. contralateral pronation
3. ipsilateral plantarflexion
4. contralateral recurvatum (hyperextension of knee)
5. ipsilateral posterior pelvic rotation
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| what is the normal angle of torsion in the femoral shaft? | 15 degrees of anteversion
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| Anteversion is an increase or decrease in the angle of torsion? | increase (more than 15 degrees)
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| Anteversion or Retroversion is associated with a decrease in joint stability and an increased tendency for anterior dislocation of the femoral head? | anteversion
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| Anteversion is characterized by excessive _________ rotation and loss of ______________ rotation? | medial rotation, lateral rotation
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| What are the three related postures for femoral anteversion? | 1. in-toeing
2. excess subtalar pronation
3. lateral patellar subluxations
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| what are the possible compensations for femoral anteversion? | 1. excess external tibial torsion
2. ER of tibia
3. ipsilateral lumbar spine rotation
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| Retroversion involves an increase or decrease in anterior torsion? | decrease
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| Anteversion or Retroversion promotes stability and is associated with lateral rotation of the femur? | Retroversion
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| Retorversion or Anteversion: will see a medial tibia rotation as compensation? | retroversion
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| What are the 2 related postures for retroversion? | 1. out-toeing
2. excess subtalar supination
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| What are the possibile compensations of retroversion? | 1. excess internal tibial torsion
2. IR of tibia
3. comtralateral lumbar spine rotation
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| What test is the gold standard for measuring anteversion and retroversion? | CT scan
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| What law states: "Bone is deposited and reabsorbed in accordance with the stress placed upon it?" | Wolff's Law
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| You would use an assistive device on the opposite or same side to create a longer moment arm to keep the pelvis level? | opposite side
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| What is the purpose of the synovial membrane in the hip? | lubrication
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| What is the capsular pattern of the hip? | IR > flexion, abduction
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| The ligamentum teres arises from the __________ and inserts into the __________? | acetabular notch, fovea capitis
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| What is the purpose of the ligamentum teres? | protects the posterior branch of the obturator artery that supplies the head of the femur
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| The ligamentum teres is most tense with ? | adduction & distraction
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| The pubofemoral ligament blends medially with the _____________ muscle and attaches into the _______________? | pectineus muscle, trochanteric fossa
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| the pubofemoral ligament prevents excessive __________, __________, and ___________? | Abduction, extension, lateral rotation
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| What ligament is also known as the Y ligament of Bigelow? | iliofemoral ligament
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| what is the strongest ligament in the body? | iliofemoral ligament
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| What ligament plays a significant role in upright posture? | iliofemoral ligament
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| the iliofemoral ligament prevents excessive ____________, ___________ and ___________? | extension, adduction& lateral rotation
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| what is the weakest ligament of the hip? | ischiofemoral ligament
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| The ischiofemoral ligament arises from the ________ and attaches to the ___________? | posterior acetabular rim, trochanteric fossa
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| The ischiofemoral ligament helps stabilize the hip in _________? | extension
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| The ischiofemoral ligament resists __________, _________ and __________? | abduction, medial rotation & extension
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| What muscles flex the hip? | 1. iliopsoas
2. rectus femoris
3. sartorius
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| What muscles extend the hip? | 1. gluteus maximus
2. posterior aspect of glut med
3. hamstrings
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| What muscles adduct the hip? | 1. add brevis
2. add longus
3. add magnus
4. gracilis
5. pectineus
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| What muscles abduct the hip? | 1. glut med
2. glut min
3. TFL
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| What muscles ER the hip? | 1. PGOGOQ
2. sartorius
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| What muscles IR the hip? | 1. add longus
2. add brevis
3. add magnus
4. anterior part of glut med
5. anterior part of glut min
6. pectineus
7. gracilis
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