Module 5 Review Exploring Creation with Biology
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| Describe where the protons, neutrons, and electrons are in an atom. | Protons and neutrons cluster together in the nucleus at the center of the atom and electrons orbit around the nucleus
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| What determines the vast majority of characteristics in an atom? | The number of electrons (or protons)
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| What does the number after an atom's name signify? | It tells the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
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| How many electrons are in an atom that has 32 protons? | 32
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| What is the difference between an element and an atom? | An element contains all atoms that have the same number of protons (electrons) regardless of the number of neutrons. An atom is a single entity, determined by its number of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
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| How many atoms are in a molecule of C(3)H(8)O? What atoms are present and how many of each? | Carbon-3, Hydrogen-8, Oxygen-1, Total-12
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| Atom, Element, or Molecule? H(2)CO(3) | Molecule
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| Atom, Element, or Molecule? Nitrogen-14 | Atom
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| Atom, Element, or Molecule? ... P | Element
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| If you add energy to the molecules of a liquid, will it turn into a gas or a solid? | Gas
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| A chemist wants to study diffusion. Should a semipermeable membrane be used? Why or why not? | No. For diffusion to work, both solute and solvent must be able to travel across the membrane.
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| Two solutions of different solute concentration are separated by a membrane. After a while, the water levels of the two solutions change. Is this osmosis or diffusion? What kind of membrane? | Osmosis; Semipermeable membrane
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| What are the reactants in this chemical reaction? Products? How many molecules of H(2) are used? N(2) + 3H(2) -interact-to-make- 2NH(3) | Reactants: N(2) and H(2); Product: 2NH(3); 3 molecules of H(2) used
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| What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? | 6CO(2) + 6H(2)O -interact-to-make- C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2)
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| What four things are necessary for a plant to carry out photosynthesis? | CO(2), H(2)O, energy from sunlight, a catalyst like chlorophyll
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| Other than using a catalyst, how can a reaction be sped up? | Increasing temperature
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| Which is a carbohydrate? Why? NH(3) -- CO(2) -- C(2)H(4)O -- C(5)H(10)O(5) -- C(3)H(8)O(3) | C(5)H(10)O(5)
Carbohydrates must have C, H, and O; they must have twice as many H as O.
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| What kind of reaction is used for building disaccharides, polysaccharides, fats, and proteins? | Dehydration reaction
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| What kind of reaction can break down disaccharides, polysaccharides, fats, and proteins? | Hydrolysis
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| Describe the pH scale and what it measures. | The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. 7 is neutral, lower than 7 is acidic, and higher than 7 is alkaline.
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| What are the basic building blocks of proteins and lipids? | Amino acids
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| What are the basic building blocks of polysaccharides? | Monosaccharides
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| Two proteins contain the same type and number of amino acids linked in a different order. Are the properties of the two the same? Why? | Not the same; The number, type and order must be the same.
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| What are enzymes? | A special class of proteins that are catalysts
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| What is the "lock and key" theory of enzyme action? | It states that an enzyme has an active site that is shaped especially for the molecule that it must work on. The action of the enzyme will not take place unless the molecule attaches to that active site.
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| What are the basic parts of a nucleotide? | Phosphate group, Sugar, Base
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| How does DNA store information? | As a sequence of nucleotide bases
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| What holds the two helixes in a DNA molecule together? | Hydrogen bonds between the nucleotide bases
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