Vocabulary Words for Social Studies
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| continents | the largest land areas on earth
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| hemisphere | a half of the Earth
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| equator | the imaginary line between the Northern Hemisphere and The Southern Hemisphere
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| relative location | Where a place is as compared to other places on Earth
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| mountain range | A group of connected mountains
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| Pacific Rim | A world region that includes the states and countries that border the Pacific Ocean
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| crossroads | any place that connects people, goods, or ideas
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| absolute location | exact position of a place on Earth
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| lines of latitude | a set of lines on maps that run east and west
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| parallels | another name for lines of latitude
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| lines of longitude | a set of lines on maps that run north and south
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| meridians | another name for lines of longitude
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| prime meridien | starting point for the lines of longitude
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| natural region | made up of places that share the same kinds of physical, or natural, features such as plains, mountains valleys, or deserts
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| coastal plain | an area of low land that lies along the ocean
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| fault | a crack in the Earth's surface along which underground layers of rock can move
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| volcano | an opening in Earth's surface from which hot gases, ashes, and lava may pour
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| lava | hot melted rock from inside the Earth
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| fertile | good for growing crops
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| irrigation | the use of canals, ditches or pipes to carry water to dry places
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| sea level | land that is level with the surface of the ocean
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| basin | a low, bowl shaped land area with higher ground all around it.
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| plateau | an area of high, flat land
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| inlet | a narrow strip of water leading into land from a larger body of water
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| harbor | a place on a coast where ships can dock safely
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| tributary | a smaller river that flows into a larger river
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| river system | a river and its tributaries
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| erosion | the wearing away of the Earth's surface
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| channel | A path for a river to flow through
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| floodplain | The low, flat land along a river
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| delta | Land built up at a river's mouth
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| reservoir | A lake made by people to collect and store water
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| hydroelectric power | Electricity made by the power of fast moving water
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| San Joaquin and Sacramento | California's two longest rivers
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| temperature | The measure of how warm or cold something is
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| precipitation | Water that falls to the Earth's surface in the form of rain, sleet or snow
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| climate | The kind of weather a place has most often, year after year
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| air mass | a large, moving body of air
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| humidity | the amount of moisture in the air
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| rain shadow | the drier side of the mountain
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| drought | A long time with little or no rain
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| Santa Ana winds | Hot, dry winds that form in the Great Basin and blow westward across Southern California
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| canyon | A deep, narrow valley with steep sides
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| product | something that people make or grow, usually to sell
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| growing season | The length of time when the weather is warm enough for crops to grow
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| mineral | a natural substance found in rocks
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| manufacturing | the making of goods
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| fuel | a natural resource used to make heat or energy
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| petroleum | another name for oil - California's most valuable fuel resource
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| nonrenewable resource | a resource that cannot be made again by people or by nature
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| renewable resource | a resource that can be made again by people or by nature
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| habitat | a place where animals find food or shelter
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| extinct | having died out
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| Central Valley | California's most fertile farmland
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| California redwoods | the world's tallest trees
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| Mount Whitney | California's highest mountain
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