Introduction to the Reproductive System
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| What suspends the testicles in the scrotum? | The spermatic cord
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| WWhat is the function of the testes? | The production of sperm and testosterone
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| What is the tightly coiled tube that emerges from top of each testis, descends along its posterior surface and leads into vas deferens | Epididymis
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| What is the function of the epididymis? | stores sperm cells until they mature
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| A muscular tube about 46 cm long and passes along the medial side of the testis, through the inguinal canal into abdominal cavity and makes up the spermatic cord | Vas Deferens
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| What is the function of the Vas deferens? | Transports sperm
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| What is the convoluted, sac-like structure, 5 cm long attached to each vas deferens at base of the bladder? | Seminal Vesicle
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| What is the function of the Seminal Vesicle? | secretes slightly alkaline fluid consisting of fructose and other nutrients for sperm cells. Produces 60% of the volume of semen
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| What is the short tube ( 1 inch) beginning at seminal vesicle and ending in the prostate gland ? | Ejaculatory duct
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| What is the function of the Ejaculatory duct? | transport sperm and seminal fluid to urethra
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| What is the function of the prostate gland? | secretes a thin, milky, alkaline fluid which neutralizes semen, enhances sperm motility and helps to neutralize the acidic secretions of the vagina
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| What are the 2 small structures located below the prostate gland and enclosed by fibers of external urethral sphincter muscle | Cowper’s Glands (Bulbourethral glands)
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| What is the function of the Cowper’s Glands (Bulbourethral glands)? | secretes mucus–like fluid, partly lubricates the end of penis in preparation for intercourse. Corresponds to the Bartholin’s in women to provide lubrication during sexual intercourse.
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| What divides the two chambers of the scrotum? | The medial septum
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| What temperature is needed for sperm to develope? | 2 to 3 degrees lower than body temp
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| Pair of dorsally located cylinders of penile erectile tissue. | Corpora Cavernosa
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| single cylinder of penile erectile tissue, surrounds the urethra and forms the glans penis | Corpora Spongiosum
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| What are the two sections of the ovary? | Medulla and Cortex
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| What is the ovarian medulla? | composed of loose connective tissue, contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
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| What is the ovarian cortex? | composed of compact tissue, contains tiny cell masses called ovarian follicles, covered by cuboidal epithelium
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| What is the funnel shaped region of the fallopian tube near the ovary? | infundibulum
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| infundibulum is surrounded by fringe of finger–like projections called what? | fimbrae
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| What are the 3 layers of the uterine wall? | *Endometrium *Myometrium *Perimetrium
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| What is the function of the uterus? | Receives and sustains developing fetus
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| The Uterus enlarges how many times? | 500
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| What are the folds of the vagina called? | Rugae
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| What part of female anatomy is responsible for secretion of mucus and are similar to the male prostate gland? | Paraurethral or Skene’s glands
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| What lubricates the vagina for sexual intercourse? | Bartholin’s glands or vestibular
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| What is the function of the Labia Majora? | protects inner structures, contains sensory nerve endings, sebaceous and sudoriferous glands
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| What is the function of the Labia Minora | protect the openings of the vagina and urethra
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| What is the function of the Clitoris? | Sexual arousal
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| What is the function of the Vestibule? | contains the clitoris, urethra, hymen and vaginal opening
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| How many lobes are the mammary glands composed of? | 15-20
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| How does milk reach the nipple from the mammary glands? | Via the lactiferous ducts
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| What seperates the lobes of the mammary glands? | Adipose tissue.
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| What determines breast size? | The amount of adipose tissue between the lobes of the mammary glands
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| What hormone influences the mammary glands to produce milk? | Prolactin
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| What hormone allows milk to be released? | Oxytocin
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| What is the pigment around the nipple called? | Areola
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| What phase of the menstral cycle do small patches of dead cells slough off, leaving torn blood vessels and menstrual bleeding? | Menses (menstrual) period
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| What phase of the menstual cycle do epithelial cells reproduce, repairing uterine lining? | Proliferative phase
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| What phase of the menstrual cycle is the ovum released from the ovary and moves into the uterine (fallopian) tube for fertilization? | Ovulation
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| What phase of the menstrual cycle does the uterine lining prepare for pregnancy by growing thicker and developing greater blood supply? | Secretory phase
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| What is the diamond shaped area from the symphysis pubis and extends to the anus that contains the reproductive structures? | Perineum
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| Can the type of underwear worn by a male influence sperm count? | Yes it can by holding the testes close to the body, thereby increasing the temperature.
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| When is menopause considered complete? | 1 year after last menses
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| What is metrorrhagia? | Uterine bleeding between regular menstrual periods or after menopause
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| What can metrorrhagia indicate? | cancer or benign tumors of the uterus
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| What is the medical management of menopause? | *Premarin *Provera *Calcium supplements
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| In males, at what age is there a gradual decrease of testosterone levels and seminal fluid production? | 55 - 70yrs
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| At what age are the females most fertile? | 20 - 29yrs
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| What is infertility? | Inability to conceive after 1 year of sexual intercourse without birth control
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