Brain!
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| four main components of the brain | cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum
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| cerebrum | divided into right and left halves called cerebral hemispheres
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| corpus collusum | connects the right and left halves of the cerebrum, deep within the cerebrum.
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| white matter | in the cerebrum, myelinated axons that cross from one hemisphere to the other
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| lobes of the cerebrum | frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe
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| gyri | large folds in the cerebrum
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| sulci | grooves between the gyri
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| central sulcus | really deep groove that separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
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| lateral sulcus | seperates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe
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| parital occipital | seperates the occipital from the parietal lobe
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| longitudinal fissure | seperates the right and left hemisphere of the cerebrum
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| white matter in the cerebrum | on the corpus collosum and the anterior commisure -- myelinated axons connect the right and left hemispheres
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| internal capsual | axons that link the lower structures of the CNS , runs tracts superior to anterior
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| gray matter | mostly cell bodies, located in the cerebral cortex and the basal nuclei
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| cerebral cortex | most superficial layer of the cerebrum,
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| three functional areas of the cerebral cortex | motor, sensory, and association
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| sensory functional areas of cerebral cortex | info from sensory receptors-- primary somatosensory cortex, primary visual cortex, gustatory cortex, olfactory cortex, and auditory cortex
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| primary somoatosensory cortex | receives information concerning general sensations such as touch, pain, pressure, itch and temperature-- info from left side of body goes to right somatosensory cortex and vise versa
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| primary visual cortex | receives impulses conveying visual infromation such as shape, light, color, movement
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| gustatory cortex | receives information concerning taste
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| olfactory cortex | receives information concerning smell
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| auditory cortex | receives information concerning sound
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| motor functional movements | controls voluntary muscle movements, primary motor cortex, broca's area
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| primary motor cortex | controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscle, left side controls right side of body and vice versa
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| broca's area | located in LEFT frontal lobe, controls production of speech
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| association areas | integrates sensory information and makes a meaningful recognition, somatosentory association cortex, premotor cortex, visual association cortex, wernickes area,
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| somatosensory association cortex | interprets sensations such as shape and texture
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| premotor cortex | controls skill motor activities and can peice together a pattern of multiple motor signals that need to be done for an entire activity (walking)
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| visual association cortex | allows you to recognize and put meaning to what you are looking at
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| wernicke's area | interprets the meaning behind speech
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| basal ganglia | three nuclei located deep within each cerebral hemisphere-- provides general rhythm and pattern to coordinated movements, controls muscle tone
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| parkinson's | overactive basal ganglia
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| huntingtons | decreased function of basal ganglia
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| limbic system | area around the diencephalon, deep within the cerebrum. involves the motor part of emotions and facilitates long term memory in hippocampus
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| diencephalon | inferior to the cerebrum- thought of as the core of the brain
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| three areas of the diencephalon | thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
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| thalamus | relays sensory info to the basal ganglia, and cerbral cortex, relays visual info to the occipital lobe, **smell does not go through thalamus first
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| hypothalamus | looks like balls below the thalamus, controls the autonomic nervous system, produces hormones and regulates behavior, regulates thirst and hunger and temperature
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| epithalamus | back of the birds head. -- contains the pineal gland
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| pineal gland | secretes the hormone melatonin which makes you sleep
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| brain stem | inferior to the diencephalon and superior to the spinal cord
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| three parts of the brain stem | midbrain, pons and medulla
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| midbrain | involves auditory and visual reflexes, such as alertness-- part of the brain that caffeine affects
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| pons | relays motor information from the cerebrum to the cerebellum-- controls respiration
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| medulla | nuclei regulations such as heartrate, breathing, vomiting, sneezing, coughing and huccupping
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| cerebellum | controls posture and balance, fine tunes movements, alcohol affects this part of the brain
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| ataxia | loss of muscle coordination
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| Meninges | the thin layers that cover the brain
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| three meninges | dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
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| dura mater | thickest strongest meninge, main function is to drain blood
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| dural sinuses (aka venous sinus) | space that drains blood from the brain
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| arachnoid mater | very thin and looks like spider webbing over the brain
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| pia mater | the innermost later, cannot be peeled off
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| meninge spaces | epidural space, subdural space, subarachnoid space,
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| epidural space | POTENTIAL space above the dura mater
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| hemorrhage | bleeding in the epidural space
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| hematoma | when the bleeding the epidural space stops
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| subdural space | POTENTIAL space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater
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| subarachnoid space | REAL SPACE between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater-- contains cerebralspinal fluid
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| cerebralspinal fluid | clear colorless liquid that contains oxygen, glucose, proteins,lactic acid, and small ions- aways found in the subarachnoid space
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| function of CSF | physical protection, chemical protection, and delivers and circulates nutrients
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| choroid plexus | where the CSF is produced, lines the ventricles
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| ependymal cells | produces the CFS and lines the capillaries,blood capillaries, distribute the blood
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| ventricles | spaces within the brain
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| four ventricles in the brain | two lateral venticles, third ventricle and fourth ventricle
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| lateral ventricles | on each side of the hemisphere
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| third ventricle | space right under the thalamus
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| fourth ventricle | between the brain stem and the cerebellum
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| aural sinus | where the CFS is dumped to be reabsorbed
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Created by:
kristeni558
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