Soil and rocks key terms & study info
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| A type of rock made from sediments that have been glued together. | Sedimentary
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| A type of rock that has been formed from cooling magma or lava | Igneous
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| A rock formed when another rock is changed by heat and pressure deep under Earth's surface. | Metamorphic
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| The practice of planting different crops each year | Crop Rotation
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| The upper layer of soil rich in nutrients and organic material | Topsoil
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| The largest particle size in soil | Sand
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| The process when sediment is carried away | Erosion
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| The process when sediment settles in a new place | Deposition
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| The property of soil that allows water to flow easily through it | Permeable
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| The process when sediment is glued together when minerals crystalize | Cementation
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| Plowing only when necessary so that soil stays in place | Conservation Plowing
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| What are the 4 stages that form sedimentary rock | Erosion, Deposition, Compaction, & Cementation
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| What is the process in which rocks can be changed to become other types of rocks | The Rock Cycle
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| What are rocks made of? | They are a combination of different minerals and other sediments
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| What are the three major characteristics of sedimentary rocks | layers, fossils, & visible sediments
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| The physical or chemical breakdown of rocks into smaller sized pieces | Weathering
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| The area in the plains states that experienced 10 years of drought, wind, & soil erosion in the 1930's | Dust Bowl
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| The layers of soil that differ in color and texture from the layers above or below it | Soil Horizons
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| A soil conservation method farmers use to plow fields along the curves of a sloap or hillsides | Contour Plowing
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| Why is it important for farmers to practice soil conservation methods? | All living things depend on soil, there is a limited supply of good soil, and it takes a long time for soil to form.
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| A mixture of weathered rock particles, mixed with air, water, & organic material. | Soil
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| The parent rock in which all soil comes from | Bedrock
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| How does B horizon form? | Particles are washed down from the A-Horizon
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| When rocks are dissolved or the composition is changed | Chemical Weathering
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| The process when rock is physically broken down into smaller pieces | Mechanical Weathering
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| Soil with very small particles that retain/hold onto water | Clay
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| a chemical reaction in which oxygen combines with another substance; for example, when metal rusts | Oxidation
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| a type of mechanical weathering caused by the scraping and scratching of rocks by loose particles that are transported over the rocks by wind, water, glaciers, etc. | Abrasion
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| a type of mechanical weathering in which water gets into cracks or joints in a rock, then freezes and expands, pushing the rock apart | Ice Wedging
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