Possible questions on the exam
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| An individual has the following genotype and gene loci A and B are 15 cm apart. The A and B loci are coupled in this genotype. True/False | False
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| An individual has the following genotype and gene loci A and B are 15 cm apart. How many total a b recombinant progeny plus A b parental progeny would you expect from a test cross where 1000 offspring are observed? | 500
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| An individual has the following genotype and gene loci A and B are 15 cm apart. If this individual were test crossed, which of the following gametes is correctly paired with its recombinant percentage? | AB = 7.5%
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| Genes located close together on the same chromosome form a ___________. | linkage group
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| Why is the frequency of recombinant gametes always half the frequency of crossing over? | Crossing over occurs between two of the four homologous chromosomes.
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| Linked genes always exhibit recombination frequencies of less than 50%. True/False | True
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| In fruit flies, the recessive pr & cn mutations cause brown and bright-red eyes, respectively (wild-type flies have brick-red eyes). The double mutant pr cn combination has orange eyes. A female who has wild-type eyes is crossed to an orange-eyes male. | Progeny Eye Colors Table:
wild-type ... 13
brown ... 239
bright-red... 236
orange ... 12
TOTAL ... 500
Question 7 & 8
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| What is the genetic map distance between the pr and cn genes? | 5 cm
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| Which phenotypic classes are the parental types? | brown and bright-red
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| Progeny genotypes for questions 9-11. | Genotypes ... Number
a B d ... 1
A b D ... 1
a B D ... 4
A b d ... 4
A B d ... 40
a b D ... 40
A B D ... 5
a b d ... 5
TOTAL ... 100
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| The genes form the above parent are in repulsion. True/False | True
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| What is the parental genotype? | A B d / a b D
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| What is the map distance between the A & B genes? | 10 cm
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| What is the correct gene order? | B a d
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| Use the following below to match the scientist(s) with their contribution to our knowledge of DNA for questions 13-15. | A. Transforming principle
B. Semi-conservative DNA Replication
C. X-ray Crystallography Structure of DNA
D. Nucleotide ratios in DNA
E. Famous phage blender experiment
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| Fred Griffin | A - Transforming principle
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| Erwin Chargaff | D - Nucleotide ratios in DNA
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| Maurice Wilkins & Rasolind Franklin | C - X-ray Crystallography Structure of DNA
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| Use the diagram on the damn test for number 16 & 17. | A - Phosphodiester bond
B - Hydrogen bond
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| Which circle is a phosphodiester bond? | A
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| Which circle is a hydrogen bond? | B
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| If the calculated coefficient of coincidence is 0.17 from the above 3-point mapping cross (Table 2), then the interference is 0.83 which indicated higher than expected recombination. True/False | False
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| What three general characteristics must the genetic material possess? | The genetic material must contain complex information that encodes the phenotype.
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| Bacterial DNA is stabilized by histone proteins. True/False | False
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| A-, B-, & Z-form DNA are all right-handed helixes. True/False | False
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| Which banding pattern(s) supports semiconservative DNA replication below (Figure 2)? | D - Because semiconservative is half new and half old.
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| Bacterial theta replication forms a replication bubble. True/False | True
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| DNA replication is always 3' to 5' because a 5' phosphate bonds to a 3' hydroxyl during synthesis. True/False | False
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| The highlighted portion of the molecule is a 2-hydroxyl group (Fig 4). True/False | True
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| Which type of nucleoside base cannot be attached to this molecule (Fig. 4)? | T
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| Is this a dNTP or rNTP (Fig: 4)? | rNTP (RNA)
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| Use diagram on damn test (Figure 3) of eukaryotic DNA replication to answer questions 28-31. | TEST
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| What is the lagging strand? | C
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| What is the leading strand? | D
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| What is an Okazaki fragment? | B
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| Where is the origin of replication? | A
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| Which of the following is a class of RNA involved in RNA translation to protein? | tRNA
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| Use the following sequence of nucleotides found in a single-stranded DNA template to answer 33 & 34: | 3'-ATT GCC AGA TCA TCC CAA TAG-5'
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| 3'-ATT GCC AGA TCA TCC CAA TAG-5' Assume that RNA polymerase proceeds along this template from left to right. What is the correct RNA sequence transcribed from this template? | 5'-UAA CGG UCU AGU AGG GUU AUC-3'
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| 3'-ATT GCC AGA TCA TCC CAA TAG-5' What is the complementary DNA sequence? | 5'-TAA CGG TCT AGT AGG GTT ATC-3'
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| Suppose a future scientist explores a distant planet and discovers a novel form of double-stranded nucleic acid. When this nucleic acid is exposed to DNA polymerases from E. coli, replication takes place continuously on both strands. What conclusion...??? | The alien DNA is configured with two parallel strands of complementary DNA.
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| During gene expression, which molecule(s) carries the information that encodes polypeptides? | mRNA
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| RNA polymerase must bind to a region of DNA called a(n) __________ in order to begin transcription. | Promoter
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| A triplet genetic-code requiring three nucleotides per codon is the most efficient way to excode 20 different amino acids. True/False | True
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| Assume that RNA has four different types of bases, what would be the minimum codon size (number of nucleotides) required if the number of different types of amino acids in proteins were 8? | 2
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| A strain of bacteria possesses a temperature-sensitive mutation in the gene that encodes the sigma factor. At elevated temperatures, the mutant bacteria produce a sigma factor that is unable to bind to RNA polymerase which results in stoppage of all... | further initiation of gene transcription activity. True/False
True
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| The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is referred to as the tertiary sequence of the protein. True/False | False
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| When codons that code for the same amino acid differ in their 3' base, a single tRNA might bind both of them through wobble base pairing. True/False | True
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| Normally, a tRNA with the anticodon 3'-GAC-5' would be connected to which amino acid (see Table 3)? | Leu
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| Figure 5. Diagram of protein translation showing the 5'-3' mRNA being translated in a ribosome along A-C tRNAs and four labeled amino acids (black dots). Use the diagram on the damn test to answer questions 44-47. | YUCK
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| tRNA A is in what position within the ribosome? | P
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| tRNA B is in what position within the ribosome? | A
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| Which amino acid will form a peptide bond to amino acid 3? | 2
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| Where wil tRNA A & B reside, respectively, when they form the peptide bond? | tRNA A in P site; tRNA B in A site
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| Use the following non-template DNA sequence and Table 3 (end of exam) to answer the following questions 48-50. | 5'-ATG ATA TGG AGG CCC-3'
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| 5'-ATG ATA TGG AGG CCC-3' What is the mRNA sequence? | 5'-AUG AUA UGG AGG CCC-3'
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| What is the protein sequence? | Met - Ile - Trp - Arg - Pro
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| Which of the following is an exact codon sequence change at amino acid 3, resulting in a change from a Trp -> Cys? | TGG -> AGA
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| BONUS What is the RNA primer in Figure 3? | E
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| BONUS What is the genotype of the parent who produced the offspring in Table 1? | pr cn+ / pr+ cn
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