ARMY LPN PEDS 2
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| CHF (Congestive heart failure) | The inability of the heart to pump sufficiently to meet the metabolic needs of the body
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| CHF, one early sign? | Tachycardia, especially during rest and slight exertion
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| CHF intervention, first | Monitor the vital signs closely and for the early signs.
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| Count respirations and apical pulse for? | 1 full minute
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| CHF medication | digoxin (Lanoxin), hold is pulse is less than 90 in infants and 70 in children.
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| ASD (Atrial septal defect) | An abnormal opening between the Atria that causes increased flow of oxygenated blood into the right side of the heart.
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| ASD treatment | Nonsurgical treatment: may be closed with the use of devices during a caridac clatheterization.
Surgical treatment: open repair with cardiopulmonary bypass is usually performad before the child reaches school age.
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| VSD (Ventricular septal defect) | An abnormal opening between the right and left ventricles (frequently associated with other congenetal defects)
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| VSD treatment | Many VSD's close spontaneously during the first year of life in children who have small or moderate defects.
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| Two characteristics of VSD are? | Murmur and CHF
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| VSD treatment | Nonsurgical treatment: may be closed with the use of devices during a caridac clatheterization.
Surgical treatment: open repair with cardiopulmonary bypass is usually performad before the child reaches school age.
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| Atrioventricular canal defect | Incomplete fusion of the endocardial cushions
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| What is the most common cardiac defect in children with down syndrome? | Atrioventricular canal defect
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| PDA (Public display of affection or Patent ductus ateriosus | Failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus (te artery that connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery) to close within the first weeks of life.
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| PDA medication | Indomethacin (prostaglandin inhibitor)
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| Kawasaki disease | Also called mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome; it is an acute systemic inflammatory illness.
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| Kawasaki's 1st stage | Acute stage (weeks 1-2), fever, conjunctival hyperemia, red throat, swollen hands, rash.
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| Kawasaki's 3erd stage | Convalescent stage child appears normal but signs of inflammation may be present. Generally child return to normal within 6-8 weeks.
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| Kawasaki's 2nd stage | Subacute stage ( weeks 2-4), cracking lips, desquamation of the skin, cardiac manifestations.
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| Kawasaki's nursing intervention | monitor temperature frequently, heart sounds, eyes for conjunctivitis, rom exercises
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| Kawasaki's medication | ASA (Asprin), Intravenous globulin
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| Nursing intervention for CHF in pediatric patients regarding fluid retention. | Monitor daily weight, a weight gain of 0.5 kg (1 pound) in 1 say is a result of accumulation of fluid.
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| A nurse reviews the record of a child who wasjust seen by a physician. The physician has documented a diagnosis of suspected aortic stenosis. which clinical manifestation that is specifically found in children with this disorder shouldthe nurse anticipate | Exercise intolerance
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| A nurse has reinforced home-care instructions to the mother of a child who is being discharged after cardiac surgery. which statement, if made by the mother, indicates the need for further instructions? | "I can apply lotion or powder to the incision it it is itchy."
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| A nurse is told that a child with rheumatic fever (RF) will be arriving to the nursing unit for admission. Which question should the nurse ask the family to elicit information specific to the development of RF? | "Did the child have a sore throat or an unexplained fever within the past 2 months?"
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| what is a cardiac caltheterization? | A radiopaque catheter that is passed through the femoral artery directly into the heart and large vessels.
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| Waht is pulmonary artery banding? | Through a thoracotomy, a strip of woven prosthetic material is passed around the pulmonary artery to constrict it. Reducing the volume and pressure of pulmonary blood flow, thus relieving symptoms of CHF
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| Why would you want to minimize crying in a child with congenital heart disease? | Because it can be too tiring for the child and may cause cyanosis due to exhaustion
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| T/F, The heart of a pediatric patient compensates by rate not volume. | TRUE, The heart of a pediatric patient compensates by rate not volume.
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| T/F, Prior to giving a patient with CHF 50 mcg of digoxin make sure to take an apical pulse between 90-110 for more that 1 full min. | TRUE, Prior to giving a patient with CHF 50 mcg of digoxin make sure to take an apical pulse between 90-110
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| T/F, 20-60% of all VSD spontaneously close within the first year of life. | TRUE, 20-60% of all VSD spontaneously close within the first year of life.
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| Which defect may be necessary to sustain life in neonates with a cyanotic heart defect. | PDA ( Patent ductus artheriosus)
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| What is the treatment for coarctation of the aorta? | Surgical repair
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| How many defects are there is Tetalogy of fallot? | Four
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| What are two defects are necessary for survival with hypoplastic left heart syndrome? | PFO (Patent foraman ovale) and PDA (Patent ductus artheriosis)
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| Decreased urine output can be a sign of what? | Decreased cardiac output
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| Rheumatic fever treatment | Penicillin (PCN), Erythromycin (is allergic to PCN)
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| What should be done to prevent endocraditis from coming back | antibiotic therapy 1 week prior to procedures
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| The sign inside the crib of a child with wilms tumor should state what? | "Do not palpate the abdomen"
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| T/F, Infants are more susceptible to fluid volume excess and dehydration | True, Infants are more susceptible to fluid volume excess and dehydration
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| T/F, The sex organs of the child do not mature until the onset of puberty | True, The sex organs of the child do not mature until the onset of puberty
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| What are two procedures assess bladder capacity and function? | Cystometrogram and urethral pressure profile
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| Repeated UTI's can result in? | Renal scarring decreased renal function and can contribute to hypertension as an adult.
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| Recurrence of UTI is most likely to occur within how many months? | 1-2 months after termination of treatment
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| When should growth hormone injections be given? | At night time, closest to bedtime
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| What triage category requires outpatient care only? | Minimal
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