Gen Chem part 3 ch 4
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molecular equation | show 🗑
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show | 1. Equations that describe the material’s structure when dissolved are called complete ionic equations. 2K+(aq) + 2OH−(aq) + Mg2+(aq) + 2NO3−(aq) ® 2K+(aq) + 2NO3−(aq) + Mg(OH)2(s
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spectator ions | show 🗑
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net ionic equations: | show 🗑
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summarizing Aqueous equations:molecular equation- | show 🗑
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show | is a chemical equation showing all of the species as they are actually present in solution.
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summarizing Aqueous equations:net ionic equation- | show 🗑
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acid-base reaction or another name is a neutralizing reaction | show 🗑
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show | A gase forms, resulting in bubbling. The reactions occur when the anion from one reactant combines with the cation of the other.
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show | 1.produces H+ ions in a solution 2. substance that produces OH- ions in awueneous solution.
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know table 4.2 on page 156! | show 🗑
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what do you get when you mix an acid and a base? It's called an acid-base reaction | show 🗑
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show | 1.a substance in a solution of known concentration is reacted with another substance in a solution of UNKOWN concentration.
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what is the end point: | show 🗑
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show | 1. At the endpoint of an acid-base titration, the number of moles of H+ equals the number of moles of OH a) also known as the equivalence point
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indicator: | show 🗑
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show | The titrant is the base solution in the burette.
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show | 1. 2 aqueneous solutions mix to form a gaseous product that bubbles out of solution. 2.Other reactions form a gas by the decomposition of one of the ion exchange products into a gas and water
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oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions: | show 🗑
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oxidation and reduction | show 🗑
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oxidation states or oxidation number: | show 🗑
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oxidation states (continued) | show 🗑
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Know rules for assigning oxidation states on page 164! | show 🗑
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show | 1. free elements have an oxidation state = 0 Na = 0 and Cl2 = 0 in 2 Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2. monatomic ions have an oxidation state equal to their charge Na = +1 and Cl = −1 in NaCl
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show | 3.(a) the sum of the oxidation states of all the atoms in a compound is 0 Na = +1 and Cl = −1 in NaCl, (+1) + (−1) = 0
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show | 3.(b)the sum of the oxidation states of all the atoms in a polyatomic ion equals the charge on the ion N = +5 and O = −2 in NO3–, (+5) + 3(−2) = −1
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rules for assigning oxidation states rules(4a & 4b) | show 🗑
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show | in their compounds, nonmetals have oxidation states according to the table below nonmetals higher on the table take priority
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show | 1. Oxidation and reduction must occur simultaneously a) if an atom loses electrons another atom must take them
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show | 1. The reactant that oxidizes an element in another reactant is called the oxidizing agent a) the oxidizing agent contains the element that is reduced
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reducing agent: is always oxidized | show 🗑
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