Flash cards to study for BIS2A's first midterm at UC Davis with Prof. Murphy.
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | Heat
Acid
Alcohol
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| show | Inside
Bursting (Lysis)
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| Define a pump. | show 🗑
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| Define the active site of an enzyme. | show 🗑
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| show | Complementary shape and/or charge.
Their hydrophobic and hydrophilic characteristics.
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| What is the general role of high energy compounds in the cell (three activities)? | show 🗑
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| show | Relating to or denoting the alteration of the activity or shape of a protein (enzyme) through the binding of an effector at a specific site.
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| show | Chemical reactions in a cell.
They go in a certain sequence, which is called a pathway.
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| What are the advantage(s) of electron microscopy? | show 🗑
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| What are the disadvantage(s) of electron microscopy? | show 🗑
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| What are the advantage(s) of light microscopy? | show 🗑
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| What are the disadvantage(s) of light microscopy? | show 🗑
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| show | Improved contrast
Minimized light scattering
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| show | Still limited by wavelength of light
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| show | A scientist named Pasteur boiled meat broth in a swan-neck flask; this prevented particles from getting inside. Nothing grew. As a control, broth was exposed to air; particles could get in and living organisms grew.
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| show | 1. Cells are the simplest bits of living material
2. All organisms are cells, are composed of cells, or can be subdivided into cells
3. Cells come from pre-existing cells
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| What are the first four axioms of biology? | show 🗑
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| show | 5. Functions of living organisms based on catalysis of chemical reactions that take place in microscopic structures
6. Living organisms formed through reproduction
7. All forms of life subject to natural selection
8. Life has an origin and history
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| show | 1. Ability to reproduce
2. Complex and organized
3. Acquire and use materials and energy
4. Ability to regulate internal conditions
5. Respond to stimuli
6. Capacity for growth
7. Capacity to evolve
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| What is vitalism? In science, do we use this approach? | show 🗑
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| show | Organisms are like machines; parts work together - we use this approach
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| When referring to microscopy, what is contrast? | show 🗑
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| When referring to microscopy, what is magnification? | show 🗑
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| show | How clear and easy it is to see the image
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| What is atomic force microscopy and why does it have a better resolution than light microscopy? | show 🗑
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| show | We keep the structure of the cell
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| show | May not be able to distinguish between cell parts
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| What is an advantage of cell fractionation when studying the function of a part of a cell? | show 🗑
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| What is a disadvantage of cell fractionation when studying the function of a part of a cell? | show 🗑
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| show | Nuclear envelope outbuds - forms E.R.
E.R. produces vesicles filled with material
Golgi takes material from E.R. vesicles & alters the material
Golgi releases new vesicles with altered material
Vesicles may fuse to plasma membrane for secretion
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| After the Golgi apparatus edits material received from the endoplasmic reticulum, what are the three options for the Golgi vesicles? | show 🗑
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| show | Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
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| What are the principal chemical elements that contribute to the structure of lipids? | show 🗑
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| What are the principal chemical elements that contribute to the structure of proteins? | show 🗑
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| How many bonds can carbon make? | show 🗑
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| show | One
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| show | Three
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| show | Two
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| show | Two
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| show | Five
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| What is a polymer? | show 🗑
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| show | Glycerol
Three fatty acids
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| What are the components of a phospholipid? | show 🗑
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| In what solvent do polar molecules dissolve? Non-polar? | show 🗑
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| show | Amino acid sequences
Peptide bonds
One dimensional structure
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| show | Hydrogen bonds in polypeptide backbone
Alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet structures
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| What is the tertiary structure of proteins? | show 🗑
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| What is the quaternary structure of proteins? | show 🗑
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| What are the bonds that stabilize protein structure (tertiary structure)? | show 🗑
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| show | Weak: Hydrogen, ionic, and Van Der Waal's
Strong: Disulfide, hydrophobic
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| Why is protein structure so readily changed by mild heating? | show 🗑
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| What are the parts of the fluid mosaic model? | show 🗑
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| What are the four ways molecules can cross a biological membrane? | show 🗑
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| show | More outside
Cell shrinks (crenulates)
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| What is a channel? | show 🗑
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| How does a transmembrane carrier work? | show 🗑
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| show | Na+
K+
Cl-
Ca2+
H2O
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| show | H+
Ca2+
Na+/K+
Mg2+
K+
K+/H+
P-lipid
heavy metals
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| show | Proteins
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| show | 1. Active site sterically strains the substrate
2. Electric charges in active site relocate electrons of substrates
3. Amino acid side chains in active site react covalently with substrate
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| Define substrate. | show 🗑
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| show | Covalent bonds
Bond strains
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| What is substrate/reaction specificity? | show 🗑
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| show | Synthesis of fatty acids, amino acids, sugars, lipids, proteins, polysaccharides
Breakdown of lipids, proteins, toxic wastes
Harvesting energy, repair, etc
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| show | Alteration in the effectiveness of voltage gated or ligand gated ion channels by changing the characteristics of current flow through the channels
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| What is a regulatory enzyme? | show 🗑
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| Define regulatory subunit. | show 🗑
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| What does "high energy" mean when describing a compound? | show 🗑
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| show | Absorbs energy
ΔG > 0
Reaction does not run spontaneously
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| show | Releases energy
ΔG < 0
Reaction runs spontaneously
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