Platyhelminthe
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| Describe organisms in the Phylum Platyhelminthes. | Flatworms; Noncylindrical; Leaf-shaped or ribbon-like organisms; Multiple hosts and complicated life cycles
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| What organisms are found in the Class Trematoda? | Clonorchis sinensis and Schistosoma
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| What organisms are found in the Class Cestoda? | Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Echinococcus granulosis
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| What are the general characteristics of Trematoda? | Leaf-shaped parasites; Simple digestive tract; At least one intermediate molluscan host (snail)
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| What are the general characteristics of Cestoda? | Lack a digestive tract of their own; Rely completely on the digestion of the host they inhabit
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| Monoecious | both sexes occur in a single animal
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| Dioecious | the male and female are separate animals
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| What is the common name for Clonorchis sinensis? | Chinese liver fluke
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| How does one get infected with Clonorchis sinensis? | Eating raw or undercooked infected fish
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| What serves as the intermediate host for Clonorchis sinensis? | snail
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| What organism is commonly called the “blood fluke”? | Schistosoma
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| How do people get infected with Schistosoma? | Infected by parasite burrowing directly through unbroken skin while wading, washing clothes, swimming or bathing in infected water
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| Schistosoma causes a pandemic infection. Why don’t we have problems with this fluke in the United States? | U.S. lacks a suitable host snail
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| What is swimmer’s itch? | Painful, itchy inflammatory dermatitis; caused by Schistosoma that usually infects birds
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| What is a scolex? | Head of worm
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| What is a proglottid? | Segment of worm
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| Why is it important to make sure the scolex, as well as the proglottid of the tapeworm, is passed from the body when you are trying to rid a patient of a tapeworm? | A scolex can grow new proglottids if it is still attached to the host
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| What is the definition of a definitive host? | Host where we find the adult organism/host where sexual reproduction occurs
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| What is the definition of an intermediate host? | Hosts where asexual reproduction occurs and where we find developing forms of the parasite
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| Man is the definitive host for both Taenia saginata and Taenia solium. What animal serves as the intermediate host for each tapeworm? | T. saginata—cows; T. solium—pigs
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| How does man become infected with Taenia saginata and Taenia solium? | Consuming raw or undercooked beef or pork
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| What is the difference between the scolex of Taenia saginata and Taenia solium? | T. solium—hooks; T. saginata—no hooks
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| Why is Taenia solium usually considered the more dangerous of the two tapeworms? | Because if humans ingest T. solium ova, they can become the host of the larval form; The cystercerci that develop have a predilection for human central nervous system where they may cause brain cysts to develop
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| How do you prevent infection with Taenia? | Thoroughly cook pork and beef
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| What is the genus and species name of the dog tapeworm? | Echinococcus granulosis
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| Is man the definitive or intermediate host of the dog tapeworm? | intermediate
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| How does man become infected with Echinococcus granulosis? | Ingesting infected dog feces
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| What is a hydatid cyst? | A fluid filled sac that may eventually contain up to four gallons of fluid
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| What is hydatid sand? | Immature scolices
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