Foot anatomy and positioning guidelines
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| The talus articulates with the _______ and _______ superiorly, the _______ inferiorly, and the _______ anteriorly. | tibia, fibula, calcaneus, navicular
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| The heel of the foot is formed by the _______. | calcaneus
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| The _______ is the largest bone in the foot. | calcaneus
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| The _______ is the second largest bone in the foot. | talus
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| The calcaneus articulates with the _______ superiorly, the _______ distally, and the _______ medially. | talus, cuboid, navicular
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| The cubed shaped bone at the lateral side of the foot is called the _______. | cuboid
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| The boat shaped bone at the medial side of the foot is called the _______. | navicular
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| The three medial tarsal bones between navicular, metatarsals and cuboid are _______. | cuneiforms
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| Inversion (varus) of the foot is when | the bottom of the foot is faced medially
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| Eversion (valgus) of the foot is when | the bottom of the foot is faced laterally
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| what type of joints are IP joints | hinge (flexion and extension)
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| what type of joints are TMT,intertarsal | plane or gliding (limited movement)
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| what type of joints are MTP | ellipsoidal or condyloid, (4 movements)
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| What anatomy is best demonstrated on a medial oblique foot? | cuboid, metatarsals 3-5, sinus tarsi and lateral cuneiform
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| What anatomy is best demonstrated on a lateral oblique foot? | base of 1st metatarsal and medial tarsals
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| Why is it better to do a lateromedial lateral foot projection? | the foot naturally falls into a true lateral position
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| What is the calcaneal sulcus? | A deep depression between mid and post articular surfaces
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| Name of the space below the subtalar and talocalcaneal joints | Sinus Tarsi
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| Which Tarsal articulates with the 4th and 5th metatarsals? | Cuboid
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| What tarsals make up the transverse arch? | 3 cuneiforms and cuboid
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| What is an Aviator's Fx? | Fx in talar neck after impact pushes foot upwards
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| What is a Jones Fx? | Avulsion Fx at base of 5th metatarsal
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| What is a Pott's Fx? | Avulsion Fx at medial malleolus (near tuberosity)
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| What view best shows a Jones' Fx? | Foot Medial Oblique
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| What is a Lisfranc Injury? | Fx and dislocation of midfoot with lateral displacement of metatarsals.
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| Why is AP Axial Toe recommended over AP Toe? | For open joint spaces and reduce foreshortening
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| What joints are open for the AP Oblique Toes? | MTP 2-5 and IP
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| What position best shows the 4th and 5th digits? | AP lateral oblique
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| Which lateral is used for digits 1-3 and which is used for 4-5? | 1-3 is lateromedial and 4-5 is mediolateral
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| How is the CR angled for an AP Axial foot? | 10 degrees proximal
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| What superimposition is different between the AP and AP Oblique Foot? | In oblique, base of 3-5th metatarsals are NOT superimposed
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| What is demonstrated on a Lateral Foot projection? | talus, calcaneus, talocalcaneal and talotibial joints without superimposition
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| How can you tell which way a foot is obliqued in a film? | There is more soft tissue and midshaft concavity on the side AWAY from the IR
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| Where are the sesamoid bones found in the foot? | Plantar surface of first MTP joint within tendons
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| What is the difference between AP and AP Axial Toe positions? | CR for AP is perp to IR, CR for Axial is 10-15 degrees posterior or perp if foot is on 15 degree wedge
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| What is the preferred projection to view the sesamoids? | Lewis
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| How is the pt positioned for the Lewis projection? | Prone and foot is dorsiflexed so plantar surface is at a 15-20 degree angle from vertical
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| Where is the CR for a Lewis projection? | At first MTP joint
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| What is the view of the sesamoids that is easier for pt but not preferred? and why? | Holly because there is increased OID
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| Why is an AP Weight Bearing Foot performed? | To evaluate the tarsals, metatarsals , arches and hallux vagus
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| What projection is best to view a Lisfranc Fx? | AP Weight Bearing
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| What is the accepted angle and ideal angle for an AP Weight Bearing foot? | Accepted: 15, Ideal: 10
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| What is evaluated with the Lateral Weight-Bearing Foot? | Longitudinal arches
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